NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam, December, 2022 Geography

India's Road network is 63,71,847 km. in which National Highways are only 2%. India has second largest road network in the world. Border Road organisation started projects to develop basic amenities in Border Areas.
Border Road organization was founded in 1960. Indian railway has been divided into 18 zones for its operation and management. Hazira Bijaypur Jagdishpur pipeline is largest pipeline in world with length 4222 km. Hence statement (C) is not correct but commission considered it right and gave answer (a).

Reddy is dominant land owning caste of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Jat is the landowning caste of Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh. Kurmi is the agrarian caste of Eastern India. Patel is land owning caste of Western India. Namboodari are the Brahmin of Kerala. They connects himself with ancient Vedic religion.

Chinese scholars first developed a scientific method of cartography based on a rectangular co-ordinate system. Map of China was prepared between 1311 and 1320 by 'Phie Hsui' the 3rd century which was based on information of Mongol unification of Asia.
They recognized that Africa was a southward pointing triangle whereas on contemporary maps it was always represented as pointing eastwards. There was close relation between Chinese maps & Astronomy. Chinese geographers invented direction indicator (magnetic needle) and few survey tools also with paper. Chang hague invented "Earth indicator" first time in the world.

New Tendencies of quinary services includes knowledge processing outsourcing and Home sourcing. The B.P.O. is distinct from KPO as it involves highly skilled worker. It is information based outsourcing KPO helps companies in developing extra opportunities.
Research & development, e-learning, occupations, Intellectual property, legal service and Banking are example of knowledge processing outsourcing. Outsourcing used in countries like India, China, Eastern Europe, Israel & Philippines due to cheap and skilled labour availability.

The total value of goods and services traded is considered to be the volume of the trade. The practice of selling a commodity in two countries at a price that differs to reasons not related to costs is called dumping.
India is not a founding member of ASEAN. ASEAN Group was founded in 1967. It's headquarter is in Jakarta (Indonesia). Brunei, Cambodia Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam are member countries of ASEAN. Main objective of ASEAN is Economic growth, peace, cultural development and Regional stability in the region.

Fossil Fuels and Nuclear Fuels are non renewable source of Energy. It's exploitation at present rate can cause extinction of these resources. Fossil Fuels pollute environment also so use of renewable source of energy is demand of time. Renewable sources are environment friendly and sustainable in nature. There are Zero Green House gas emissions from nuclear power plants. The relative prices of different types of energy influence demand.

Von Thunen propounded Agricultural location theory in 1826 AD which was based on Weaver's concept of economic rent or land rent theory. According to this concept economic rent is inversely proportional to distance from market. According to distance land use pattern and crop pattern changes. Von Thunen recognized six concentrate Zonal rings of agricultural production from central city to outer part.
Iᵗ zone–Market Gardening & milk production.
IIⁿᵈ zone–Firewood & Gardening & milk production.
IIIʳᵈ zone–Grain crops with no fallow land.
IVᵗʰ zone–Grain crops with 14% of fallow land
Vᵗʰ zone–Three field system.
VIᵗʰ zone–Livestock ranching (Grazing)
Near Navigable river transport system agriculture develops parallel to river not in concentric zones. While in real life farmer are not always rational or optimizer but satisfier so option B is incorrect while all other options are correct.

Pine trees found in Himalayan region have Acuminate leaf. These trees can be found between 1200 to 2100 m height of mountain. Height of trees ranges between 18 to 20 metre, pine trees are more prone to forest fire. Fire catches due to friction between leaves of trees. It's wood used in Furniture and matches industry shifting of cropping pattern from diversified crops to monoculture crops is threat to food security.
Alternate cultivation of wheat and rice in Rabi and Kharif season deteriorate the nitrogen in soil they require nitrogen in large amount of grow while option C is incorrect because slums inhabitation now emerges as a major issues in mostly all of the urban settlement now because of rising R-U migration.

Indira Gandhi canal originates from Harike Barrage at the confluence of Satluj and Beas rivers. It is world's largest irrigation canal project. It gave life to Arid and semiarid region of Rajasthan. Effective literacy rate is calculated as the number of literate persons out of the total population aged 7 years and above.
Project Tiger was launched on 7 April, 1973 with 9 tiger reserves which increased till so in 2018. At present there are 53 Tiger reserves. Guru Ghasidas National Park is 53rd Tiger reserve of India. Gujarat accounts the second largest mangrove forest in India. Largest Mangrove Forest having states are West Bengal, Andaman & Nicobar, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra simultaneously.

Puerto Rico and Kurile trench have depth less than 10000 metres. Trenches are topographic depressions of the sea floor. These are deepest part of ocean floor, trenches covers 7% of oceanic floor. Important trenches of world are following–