NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam, December, 2022 Geography

Total Questions: 100

91. What do you mean by hazard foot-print of landslides?

Correct Answer: (c) Travel distance and volume of debris triggered by a landslide
Solution:

Landslide triggering factors include rainfall, Earthquakes, Volcanic activity, changes in ground water, erosion or undercutting and human activities. landslide consequence depends on the type and magnitude of landslide, the process of emplacement which determines the rate, travel distance and volume of debris (Hazard footprint)

92. The consequences of landslide mainly depend upon:

Correct Answer: (b) Low intensity and low frequency of landslide
Solution:The consequences of landslide mainly depend upon type and magnitude of landslide. landslide emplacement, travel distance and volume of debris decides Hazards footprint.

93. Which process exerts a significant and dynamic influence on slope stability?

Correct Answer: (d) Hydrological process
Solution:

Hydrological processes can exert a significant and dynamic influence on slope stability, as both a landslide preparatory factor in terms of pore pressure and Ground water levels within the slope and as a landslide trigger factor due to rainfall infiltration or pore pressure changes.

94. Which are the triggering factors for occurrence of landslides?

Correct Answer: (b) Rainfall, earthquake and changes in ground water
Solution:Triggering factors for occurrence of landslides are rainfall, earthquake and changes in ground water. It also includes volcanic activities, erosion and Human activities.

95. Geomorphic risk is defined as:

Correct Answer: (c) Probability of occurence of extreme event in the given time and loss of life and property
Solution:

Natural Hazard is the product of two components: hazard which can be defined as the probability of occurrence of specific events within a given time period and its consequences which can be typically measured in terms of loss of life or cost of loss. Many environmental and human factors create landslide Hazard conditions which are determined theoretically by slope or geological system instability.

96. Thomas Malthus was an English clergyman who, in 1798, published an Essay on the Principles of Populations in which he put forward the view that, "the power of population is indefinitely greater than the power of the earth to produce subsistence for man." He thought that a balance could only be maintained if famine, disease or war periodically increased the death rate and reduced population growth. His pessimistic ideas were accepted by several other 19th century scholars in England and France.

At the end of the 19th century, the populations of England was only about 10 million, but much of their food supply had to be produced from the limited agricultural land of the country. Changes in land tenure, brought about by enclosure of the old common fields and the formation of large farms in the place of small scattered plots led to rural depopulation. The towns, especially those where the new factory industries had been established, grew very rapidly and were overcrowded, dirty and unhealthy.
The people who lived in them were poor under fed, overworked and had little resistance to diseases. Thus, had food supply been reduced to population expanded too rapidly, these people would have suffered starvation and epidemics would have reduced the population. This has already happened twice during England's history; the Black Death of fourteenth century and the Great Plague of the seventeenth century coincided with periods when harvest was had and three were food storages, Hunger reduced resistance to diseases bubonic plague caused the death of many thousands of people.
Malthus was afraid that something similar would happen again. In his time great advance were being made in the treatment and control of diseases such as cholera, typhoid and smallpox which were still rife in England and Europe.
This meant that death rates, and particularly infant mortally rates, were failing Malthus calculated that population could double every twenty-five years, but no similar increase in food supplies could be expected. He could not have foreseen the tremendous changes which were to take place in the nineteenth and twentieth century.
According to Malthus, what is the relationship between population growth and earth's resources? 

Correct Answer: (a) Population grows rapidly as compared to subsistence produced from earth
Solution:According to Malthus population grows rapidly as compared to subsistence produced from earth. Malthus believes that Famines, war and diseases are controlling factors of population.

97. Which one of the following options is considered as the best description of Malthusian perspective related to population growth and resources?

Correct Answer: (c) Pessimistic
Solution:

Thomas Malthus was an economic pessimist, English Christian Clergymen who published his book "Assay on the principles of population". In this book he propounded that Food production increases in Arithmetic progression and population grows in Geometric progression it develops imbalance between food and population. Many studies of England and France adopted his pessimistic views.

98. The Great Plague in England's history occurred in which period?

Correct Answer: (c) Seventeenth century
Solution:

The 'Great plague' in England's history occurred in 17th century. Starvation decreases immunity and thousands people died due to plague. Malthus was fearful that this situation will reemerge.

99. What factor(s) was/were responsible for the deaths of people during Black Death and Great Plague in England?

Correct Answer: (d) Starvation and Plague
Solution:

Starvation and plague were responsible for the deaths of people during Black death and Great plague in England. In 14th century Black death and in 17th century plague and low production of foods perpetuated conditions in England. Starvation decreases immunity and thousands of people died due to plague.

100. Improvement in the treatment and control of diseases in England and Europe helped to substantially reduce mortality in which age group of the population?

Correct Answer: (b) Infant population
Solution:Improvement in the treatment and control of diseases in England and Europe helped to substantially reduce mortality in infant group of population.