NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam, December 2023 (Anthropology)

Total Questions: 100

1. F.E. Johnston and K.M. Kensinger (1971) included the component Iₘₑ in the estimation of selection intensity. Here Iₘₑ is obtained as:

Correct Answer: A. Ratio of proportion of embryonic and fetal death and proportion of live births
Solution:Iₘₑ is obtained as the ratio of the proportion of embryonic and fetal deaths to the proportion of live births. This means Iₘₑ is calculated by comparing the number of deaths occurring at the embryonic and fetal stages to the number of births that result in live offspring. This measure helps in understanding the intensity of natural selection acting on the early stages of development. Options B and C consider only fetal or embryonic deaths relative to live births, not both. Option D is incorrect as it includes offspring survival beyond 15 years, which is not relevant for calculating Iₘₑ.

2. In which of the marital unions, the coefficient of consanguinity is likely to be the least?

Correct Answer: C. Second cousin marriage
Solution:Second cousin marriage has the least coefficient of consanguinity among the given options. Consanguinity refers to the genetic relatedness between individuals. First cousins share more genetic material than second cousins.

Half first cousins share about half the genetic material of first cousins, and parallel cousins, who are children of same-gender siblings, also share significant genetic material. Thus, second cousins, being more distantly related, have the least consanguinity coefficient.

3. Which of the following statements is not correct for lymphoid growth curve?

Correct Answer: C. Children have, on a relative basis about thrice as much as lymphoid tissue as they have as adults
Solution:The statement that children have, on a relative basis, about thrice as much lymphoid tissue as adults is incorrect. The lymphoid growth curve describes the development of lymphoid tissues such as lymph glands, thymus, and tonsils, which grow rapidly during childhood, peaking around 11 to 13 years.

However, the relative amount of lymphoid tissue compared to body mass is higher in children but not thrice as much. The decline in the lymphoid curve during the second decade of life is due to the involution of the thymus and tonsils.

4. In a positively skewed distribution:

Correct Answer: A. The mean value is the highest compared to mean and modal values
Solution:In a positively skewed distribution, the mean value is the highest compared to the median and modal values. This is because the mean is influenced by the extreme values (the long tail on the right), pulling it higher than the median and mode.

The median is less affected by the extreme values, and the mode, being the most frequent value, remains the lowest. Options B and C incorrectly describe the order of these values, and option D is incorrect because the mean and median are not the same in a positively skewed distribution.

5. The number of digital triradii are:

Correct Answer: A. 4
Solution:The number of digital triradii is 4. Digital triradii are the triangular regions found at the base of each finger. There is typically one triradius at the base of each of the four fingers (index, middle, ring, and little finger), making a total of four. Option B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not match the typical anatomical structure of human hands.

6. Research in anthropometry, dynamometry and functional anatomy provided some impetus for establishing the science of:

Correct Answer: A. Ergonomics
Solution:Research in anthropometry, dynamometry, and functional anatomy contributed significantly to establishing the science of ergonomics. Ergonomics is the study of optimizing human well-being and system performance.

Anthropometry involves measuring human body dimensions, dynamometry measures muscle strength, and functional anatomy studies body movements. These fields provide essential data for designing tools, workplaces, and systems that enhance human efficiency and safety. Options B, C, and D are related fields but are not directly derived from these specific research areas.

7. Which of the following is not a serum protein?

Correct Answer: D. G6PD
Solution:G6PD (Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) is not a serum protein. It is an enzyme found in red blood cells that helps protect them from damage.

Serum proteins, such as transferrin, serum albumin, and haptoglobin, circulate in the blood and perform various functions including transport and immune response. G6PD deficiency can lead to hemolytic anemia but is not involved in the functions typically associated with serum proteins.

8. While Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is probably the most useful measure of fertility, it is a poor measure of population growth since it does not take into account:

Correct Answer: A. Mortality rate

9. Which of the following groups of primates do not perform arboreal quadrupedalism?

Correct Answer: D. Pig-tailed monkey
Solution:The pig-tailed monkey does not perform arboreal quadrupedalism. Arboreal quadrupedalism refers to moving on all fours in trees. Dwarf bush-babies, pottos, and squirrel monkeys are all known for their arboreal lifestyle, moving efficiently among branches. Pig-tailed monkeys, on the other hand, are more terrestrial and spend considerable time on the ground, thus not fitting the arboreal quadrupedalism category.

10. Which of the following somatotypes can be considered to be mesomorph?

Correct Answer: В. 2-6-2
Solution:The somatotype 2-6-2 can be considered to be mesomorph. Mesomorphs are characterized by a muscular and well-built body, with a high proportion of muscle mass relative to fat. The somatotyре classification system uses three numbers to represent the degree of endomorphy (fat), mesomorphy (muscle), and ectomorphy (leanness). A higher middle number indicates a mesomorphic build. Options A, C, and D do not fit the typical mesomorph description due to their lower mesomorphy scores.