NTA UGC NET-JRF EXAM, December 2023 Paper II (HOME SCIENCE)

Rinsing, stiffening and washing are post laundry steps
Rinsing (B) : After washing, rinsing is essential to remove detergent residue and any remaining dirt from the fabric. It helps ensure that the laundry is thoroughly clean and ready for drying.
Whitening (C) : In some cases, especially with white fabrics or fabrics that are prone to discoloration, whitening agents or bleach may be used in the postwashing steps to brighten and restore the color of the fabric.
Stiffening (D) : Some laundry items, such as certain types of clothing or linens, may benefit from stiffening agents in the post-washing process to help them retain their shape and stiffness after washing.

The assertion states that the degree of flexibility in work organization can be utilized to benefit from the variability in planning and executing work. This means that by having flexibility in how work is organized, it becomes easier to adapt to changes and variations that may occur during the planning and execution phases.
The reason provided that various social, cognitive, and physical features differ among individuals and can also change over time. This implies that individuals vary in their abilities, preferences, and characteristics across different domains as they evolve over time. Both the assertion and the reason are true. The reason serves as a correct explanation of the assertion because the variability in individuals’ social, cognitive, and physical features necessitates the need for flexibility in work organization to accommodate and leverage these differences effectively. Thus, the reason logically supports the assertion, forming a coherent explanation.

Probability sampling method are these in which may element of the population a has a human organs of being selected into the sample. Following are probability sampling -
Cluster sampling- Population is divided and all element within than are included.
Multiphase sampling-Used in combination. starting brand and becoming more specific. Stratified random sampling-Population is divided into jomogenoues subgroups (strength) ; random samples are then gram and stratim to ensure proportional represents.

In educational settings, implementing activities like setting up a pretend grocery store, where children assume various roles such as cashiers, customers, and store managers, reflects the application of the Vygotskian principle. This principle, rooted in Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, underscores the significance of social interactions in guiding children’s cognitive development and learning abilities.
By engaging in cooperative play and interacting with peers and adults, children not only enhance their understanding of roles and responsibilities but also internalize cognitive processes through social mediation. Thus, the Vygotskian approach emphasizes the pivotal role of social interactions in shaping and scaffolding children’s cognitive growth and educational experiences, fostering a dynamic environment where learning is deeply intertwined with social engagement and collaboration.

Mundel has classified these changes into following types :
1. Changes in body position and motion
2. Changes in work arrangement and equipment
3. Change in production sequence.
4. Change in finished product.
5. Change in raw material.
According to Mundell’s framework, ‘change in product’ is considered the highest class of change because it involves complex alterations across the production process, requires substantial resources, has a significant impact on the market, and is a strategic decision with inherent risks and uncertainties.

Aristotle model of communication comprises three fundamental elements: the speaker, speech, and audience. The speaker encodes thoughts into language, delivering a message to the audience, who then decodes it to understand the speaker’s intent.
Aristotle also highlights three persuasive strategies: ethos, focusing on the speaker’s credibility; pathos, appealing to emotions; and logos, employing logic and reasoning.
This model underscores the dynamic interaction between speaker and audience, emphasizing the importance of credibility, emotional connection, and logical persuasion in effective communication.