NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam, January 2025 (Commerce)

Total Questions: 100

31. Which of the following are the assumptions of the oligopoly?

(a) One seller and large number of buyers
(b) A few sellers and large number of buyers
(c) Large number of sellers and large number of buyers
(d) Entry of new seller is restricted
(e) Firms Interdependence
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: D. (b), (d), (e) only
Solution:(b) A few sellers and a large number of buyers → Oligopoly is characterized by a few dominant firms in the market, competing with each other, while consumers are numerous.
(d) Entry of new sellers is restricted → Oligopolistic markets often have barriers to entry, such as high costs or regulations, preventing new firms from easily joining.
(e) Firms' interdependence → Since there are only a few firms, their pricing and production decisions are interdependent, meaning one firm's actions influence the others.

32. Which of the following are the features of Treasury Bills?

(a) Negotiable Securities
(b) Issued at par and are repaid at premium on maturity
(c) High liquidity on account of short tenure
(d) Assured Yield
(e) High transaction cost
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: B. (a), (c), (d) only
Solution:(a) Negotiable Securities → Treasury Bills (T-Bills) are short-term negotiable instruments that can be bought and sold in the secondary market.
(c) High liquidity on account of short tenure → T-Bills have high liquidity as they mature within 91, 182, or 364 days, making them attractive for short-term investment.
(d) Assured yield → Since T-Bills are issued by the government, they provide assured returns with no risk of default.
(b) Incorrect →T-Bills are issued at a discount and repaid at face value, not at a premium.
(e) Incorrect → T-Bills have low transaction costs, making them efficient investment tools.

33. Which one of the following refers to the composition of long term fluids such as debentures, long term borrowing, preference shares, equity shares in the capitalization of a company?

Correct Answer: D. Capital structure
Solution:

Capital structure refers to the composition of long-term sources of finance used by a company, such as:
• Debentures (long-term borrowings)
• Preference shares (fixed dividends)
• Equity shares (ownership capital)
It determines the financial stability and risk associated with the firm's operations.

34. What is the value of Standard Deviation of first seven natural numbers?

Correct Answer: B. 2
Solution:

Standard Deviation Formula:

35. Arrange the prefatory information of report writing in a logical sequence.

(a) Executive Summary
(b) Authorization Statement
(c) Title Page
(d) Letter of transmittal
(e) Table of Contents
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: C. (d), (c), (b), (a), (e)
Solution:(d) Letter of transmittal → A formal letter that introduces the report to the recipient.
(c) Title Page → Contains the title of the report, author, and date.
(b) Authorization Statement → Indicates who authorized the report and its purpose.
(a) Executive Summary → A brief overview summarizing the key points of the report.
(e) Table of Contents Lists sections and page numbers for easy navigation.

36. Arrange the following points step by step regarding computation of Gross Total Income:

(a) Computation of Gross Total Income
(b) Set off and carry forward of Losses
(c) Clubbing of Income of spouse, minor child etc.
(d) Computation of Income under each head of Income
(e) Determination of Residential Status
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: A. (e), (d), (c), (b), (a)
Solution:(e) Determination of Residential Status →The first step is to determine whether an individual is a resident or non-resident for tax purposes, as taxation rules differ accordingly.
(d) Computation of Income under each head of Income → Income is classified into different heads: Salary, House Property, Business/Profession, Capital Gains, and Other Sources.
(c) Clubbing of Income of spouse, minor child, etc. → Certain incomes earned by close family members must be clubbed with the taxpayer's income.
(b) Set off and carry forward of losses → Losses from one head of income may be set off against gains from another head, or carried forward as per tax rules.
(a) Computation of Gross Total Income → After considering all heads of income and adjustments, Gross Total Income is determined.

37. When price of a good X rises, the demand for substitute good Y will;

Correct Answer: A. Rise
Solution:When the price of Good X rises, the demand for its substitute Good Y will increase because consumers will switch from the more expensive Good X to the relatively cheaper Good Y.
Example: If the price of tea increases, more people may switch to coffee (assuming they are substitutes).
This follows the law of demand and crosselasticity of substitutes, where an increase in the price of one good leads to a rise in demand for its substitute.

38. Arrange the organizational aspect of employees need hierarchy in the increasing order.

(a) Cohesive and supportive co-workers
(b) Work place conditions
(c) Work safety
(d) Responsibilities
(e) Job Challenge
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: B. (b), (c), (a), (d), (e)
Solution:(b) Work place conditions → The most basic employee need, ensuring a comfortable and functional work environment.
(c) Work safety → Employees prioritize job security and safe working conditions before considering social and psychological needs.
(a) Cohesive and supportive co-workers → Social belonging comes after physical and safety needs are met.
(d) Responsibilities → Employees seek meaningful roles and responsibilities once basic and social needs are satisfied.
(e) Job challenge → The highest-order need, involving motivation through challenging and fulfilling work.

39. According to Job characteristics model, the psychological state of an experienced meaningfulness of the work is due to the following core job dimensions:

(a) Autonomy
(b) Skill Variety
(c) Task Identity
(d) Feedback
(e) Task Significance
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: B. (b), (c), (e) only
Solution:(b) Skill Variety → Employees find their work more meaningful when they can use diverse skills.
(c) Task Identity → The degree to which an employee completes a whole, identifiable task rather than just a portion of it.
(e) Task Significance → If employees believe their work has a meaningful impact, they experience higher job satisfaction. Autonomy and feedback are related to job responsibility and knowledge of results rather than meaningfulness.

40. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I (Institution)List-II (Year of Establishment)
($a$) UNCTADI. 1967
($b$) WTOII. 1994
($c$) NAFTAIII. 1964
($d$) ASEANIV. 1995

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: B.
Solution:(a) UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Develop-ment) - III. 1964 Established to promote international trade and economic development.
(b) WTO (World Trade Organization) - IV. 1995 → Succeeded GATT, regulating international trade among nations.
(c) NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) II. 1994 → А trade agreement between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico.
(d) ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) - I. 1967→A regional organization promoting economic and political cooperation among Southeast Asian countries.