NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam, January 2025 (Commerce)

Total Questions: 100

71. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I (Financial Inclusion Yojana)List-II (Year)
(a) PM Jan DhanI. 2016
(b) PM MudraII. 2014
(c) Stand Up IndiaIII. 2017
(d) Vaya VandanaIV. 2015

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: A.
Solution:(a) PM Jan Dhan Yojana - II. 2014 → Launched in August 2014, this scheme aims to provide universal banking access to all households in India, especially for the unbanked population.
(b) PM Mudra Yojana - IV. 2015→ Introduced in April 2015, Mudra loans provide financial support to micro and small enterprises through Shishu, Kishor, and Tarun categories.
(c) Stand Up India - I. 2016 → Launched in April 2016, this scheme facilitates loans for SC/ST entrepreneurs and women entrepreneurs to promote business development.
(d) Vaya Vandana Yojana - III. 2017 → Launched in 2017, it is a pension scheme designed for senior citizens (aged 60 and above), providinga guaranteed pension with an assured return.

72. Standard Deviation of Sampling Distribution is called:

Correct Answer: C. Standard Error
Solution:The Standard Deviation of a Sampling Distribution is known as the Standard Error (SE), which measures the dispersion of sample means from the true population mean.
Where:
• σ= Population Standard Deviation
• n = Sample Size
Other options are incorrect:
• Sampling Error → The difference between a sample statistic and the actual population parameter.
• Probable Error → Used to estimate the reliability of correlation coefficients.
• Measurable Error → A general term for errors in statistical measurements.

73. Which of the following tool is used for projecting supply of personnel?

Correct Answer: C. Markov Analysis
Solution:Markov Analysis is used to project the supply of personnel by analyzing employee movement patterns (promotion, transfers, exits, and retirements) within an organization.
It helps in forecasting future workforcе availability based on historical data. Other options are incorrect:
• Trend Analysis → Examines past employment patterns to predict future needs.
• Ratio Analysis → Uses ratios like employees per department to forecast staffing needs.
• Managerial Judgment A qualitative approach based on expert opinions.

74. Total production is maximum when:

Correct Answer: C. Marginal production is zero
Solution:Total production is maximum when Marginal Production (MP) = 0, meaning that adding one more unit of input does not increase total output.
Concepts of Production:
• Marginal Production (MP) → The additional output from one more unit of input.
• Average Production (AP) → Total output divided by input quantity.
• Total Production (TP) → The sum of all output produced.
Other options are incorrect:
• MP is maximum when TP is increasing at an increasing rate, not at the maximum TP.
• AP does not determine maximum TP; it helps in assessing efficiency.

75. Which one of the following is not a social network of social media platform?

Correct Answer: B. Blogs
Solution:Blogs are not a social network but a content-sharing platform where individuals or businesses publish articles, news, and opinions. Other options are social media networks:
• Facebook → A widely used social networking platform for personal and business interactions.
• Twitter → A microblogging platform used for sharing short messages and trending discussions.
• YouTube → A video-sharing platform where users interact via comments, likes, and subscriptions, making it a social media site.

76. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I (Economists)List-II (Contribution)
(a) Adam SmithI. Principles of Economics
(b) A. MarshallII. Value and Capital
(c) J.R. HicksIII. The Wealth of Nations
(d) Wassily LeontiefIV. Input Output Economics

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: C.
Solution:(a) Adam Smith - III. The Wealth of Nations Published in 1776, this book laid the foundation of classical economics, emphasizing free markets and the division of labour.
(b) A. Marshall I. Principles of Economics → Published in 1890, it introduced concepts like consumer surplus, price elasticity of demand, and marginal utility.
(c) J.R. Hicks - II. Value and Capital → Published in 1939, this work contributed to general equilibrium theory and the concept of elasticity of substitution.
(d) Wassily Leontief - IV. Input-Output Economics → Leontief developed Input-Output Analysis, which studies interdependencies between economic sectors.

77. Which of the following is not the characteristics of theory of comparative cost advantage?

(a) There is full employment of the factors of production.
(b) There are two countries, two commodities and two factors of production.
(c) There are two countries, two commodities and one factor of production.
(d) There is absence of transportation cost.
(e) The countries are capital intensive only.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: E. (*)

78. Beta Company Ltd issued 10% perpetual debt of 1,00,000. The company's tax rate is 50%. Determine the cost of capital (before tax as well as after tax) assuming the debt is issued at 10 per cent premium.

Correct Answer: A. Before tax cost = 9.09% and after tax cost = 4.54%
Solution:Before-tax cost of perpetual debt (Kd):Given:
Interest rate = 10% on ₹ 1,00,000 → ₹10,000 interest
Issued at 10% premium, so proceeds

79. Which one of the following conditions is not true as per IRDA Act, 1999, for entry of private players into the insurance market?

Correct Answer: C. The minimum paid up capital for carrying reinsurance business is300 crore.
Solution:As per the IRDA Act, 1999, private insurance companies must follow these conditions:
A. Correct The company's sole purpose must be life insurance, general insurance, or reinsurance.
B. Correct → Minimum₹100 crore paidup capital for life or general insurance business.
C. Incorrect → Minimum₹ 200 crore (not 300 crore) is required for reinsurance business.
D. Correct → At least 15% of investments must be in infrastructure and social sectors.

80. Arrange the following points in their sectionwise order (Section 23 to 27) as per the Income Tax Act, 1961.

(a) Deemed ownership
(b) Provision for arrears of rent and unrealized rent received subsequently
(c) Determination of annual value
(d) Treatment of income from co-owned property
(e) Deduction from (Annual Value) Income from house property
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: B. (c), (e), (b), (d), (a)
Solution:(c) Determination of annual value (Section 23) Сalculation of the gross annual value of a house property.
(e) Deduction from (Annual Value) Income from house property (Section 24) → Includes deductions for interest on loans and standard deduction (30%).
(b) Provision for arrears of rent and unrealized rent received subsequently (Section 25A) → Tax treatment of rent received after eviction or recovery.
(d) Treatment of income from co-owned property (Section 26) → Specifies how rental income is divided among co-owners.
(a) Deemed ownership (Section 27) → Defines cases where a person is considered the owner without formal ownership (e.g., leasehold rights, transferred property, etc.).