NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam., June 2019 Sociology (Paper-II)

Total Questions: 100

51. Who held the view that Indian tribals were' backward Hindus'?

Correct Answer: (a) G. S. Ghurye
Solution:Govind Sadashiv Ghurye referred to the long process of Hinduization of the tribes of India in different parts of India. They believe that tribes of India were the ''imperfectly integrated classes of Hindu society.'' The tribes, therefore, according to Govind Sadashiv Ghurye were backward Hindus.

52. Which of the following is NOT an attribute of rural society?

Correct Answer: (c) Manufacturing and industry
Solution:Manufacturing and industry is not an attribute of rural society. Predominance of natural environment, agrarian economy and Joint Family are the characteristics (attribute) of rural society

53. Who has applied Robert Redfield's concept of 'Little and Great Tradition' to understand the Indian society?

Correct Answer: (d) Melton Singer
Solution:Milton Singer has applied Robert Redfield's concept of 'Little and Great Tradition' to understand the Indian society. He observed that the Indian civilization has evolved out of the folk and regional cultures. Cultural continuity is a major feature of great traditions. It is based on the idea that people throughout the country share common cultural consciousness.

54. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): The absolute increase in population is more in urban areas than in rural areas during 2001-2011 decade.
Reason (R): It is due to migration.

Select the correct answer from the option given below:

Correct Answer: (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
Solution:Rural population is the population living outside of cities. Work in these areas is often more focused on agriculture than urban areas. Poorer countries tend to have a higher rural population than more developed countries. In some of the least developed countries, the rural population dominates. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

55. The estate system is more often associated with

Correct Answer: (c) feudalism
Solution:The estate system is also known as feudalism and become prominent during the middle ages. The Roman Empire's downfall decentralized much of Europe, ushering in small kingdoms ruled by local warlords and nobles. It was in these kingdoms where the estate systems gained a strong foothold.

56. Who has written/edited the book, Peasants and Peasant Societies?

Correct Answer: (d) Teodor shanin
Solution:'Peasants and Peasant Societies' book has written/edited by Teodor Shanin. Agriculture, for them, was ''a livelihood and a way of life, not a business for profit.'' Following this ''classical discussion'', Theodor Shanin developed an ''Ideal Type'' of the peasant society. He defined peasants as ''small agricultural''.

57. Who refers to Indian village as 'Little Republics'?

Correct Answer: (b) Charles Metcalfe
Solution:The Village was described as ''the most basic unit of social organisation in India, a sovereign whole, irrespective of the transfer of power from kingdoms to regimes at the national or regional level''. In 1832, Charles Metcalfe famously termed Indian village ''Little republics'' that were almost independent of foreign relation.

58. Which of the following authority types is based on unique personal traits?

Correct Answer: (c) Charismatic
Solution:In Charisma- In which Weber postulated that Charismatic authority was a from of authority distinct from those of tradition and law. The process where by charismatic authority become transformed, or changed, to any of the other forms of authority (such as bureaucracy) is referred to by Weber as the ''routinization of charisma.''

59. Who propounded the concept of 'Hegemony'?

Correct Answer: (a) Antonio Gramsci
Solution:Hegemony derives from the Greek term hegemonia which was used to describe relations between city-states. Its use in political analysis was somewhat limited until its intensive discussion by the Italion politician and Marxist philosopher Antonio Gramsci. Antonio Gramsci uses the term 'cultural hegemony' rather than hegemony. According to him, cultural hegemony serves the interests of the power bloc (rulling class), and perpetuates their dominance over the rest of society. He claim that the idea of the power bloc come to be seen as the norm: they are seen as universal ideologies, perceived to benefit everyone whilst only really benefiting the rulling class.

60. Which of the following is NOT an essential attribute of a state?

Correct Answer: (d) Civil society
Solution:Territory, Government and sovereignty are an essential attribute of a state but civil society is not characteristics of a state. That is the correct answer is option (d) others option are not appropriate.

It was Hegel, the German philosopher who has coined the term 'civil society and the meaning of it that we understand today. In a civil society people voluntarily come together to achieve the desired objective of welfare of the society before the state. Karl Marx also followed the Hegelian way of using the concept of civil society.