NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam., June 2019 Sociology (Paper-II)

Total Questions: 100

61. Who coined the term 'Vote Bank' in India ?

Correct Answer: (a) M. N. Srinivas
Solution:M. N. Srinivas coined the term ''Vote Bank'' in his 1955 essay, ''The social structure of a Mysore Village.'' Today the term-rooted in obligation and reciprocity is used throughout India by scholars, media personnel and political parties to refer to the exchange of benefits and fovours to citizens in return for their political support.

62. Consider the following statement :

(A) Modernization is a consequence of development.
(B) Development is progressive but all progress is not development.
(C) Development is nothing but planned change.

Which of the above statements are correct?

Correct Answer: (b) (B) and (C) only
Solution:Development is progressive but all progress is not development and Development is nothing but planed change.

63. Which of the following is NOT a characterstic of Weberian Bureaucracy ?

Correct Answer: (d) Reservation
Solution:Max Weber Bureaucracy Theory- A German scientist, Max Weber, describes bureaucracy as an institution that is highly organized, formalized, and also impersonal. He also developed the belief that there must be a fixed hierarchical structure for an organization and clear rules, regulations and lines of authority that regulate it. The bureaucracy of Max Weber has the following attributes:

* Specialization of labor.
* A formal set of rules and regulations.
* Well-defined hierarchy within the organization.
* Impersonality in the application of rules.
Reservation is not a characteristics of Weberian bureaucracy.

64. The statement 'History is graveyard of Aristocracies' is attributed to

Correct Answer: (c) V. Pareto
Solution:''History is a graveyard of Aristocracies.'' With this phrase the Italian Vilfredo Pareto, who introduced the word elite in social sciences, formulated his idea of the decline and fall of elites , especially the political elite. According to Pareto, history is the rule by the elites. The usurpation of power is like a power circulation of elites. One elite group falls or merges to the new group. The rule by the elite or aristocracy is always in progress in a new form after death or fall of the previously ruled aristocratic group. Hence, Pareto in his book "The Mind and Society" Said that "history of mankind is like a graveyard of Aristocracy".

65. Who is the author of the book, Rural Development: Putting the Last First?

Correct Answer: (d) Robert Chambers
Solution:Critical review of the book: ''Rural Development: Putting the Last First'', by Robert Chambers, 1983. More optimistically Robert Chambers defines development as ''good change.'' However, it is important to consider that ideas about what is good are disputed between actors in development and adjust over time (Chambers, 1997).

66. Around the world, neo-liberalism has been imposed by powerful financial institutions. Which of the following is one of such institutions?

Correct Answer: (c) Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
Solution:Around the world, neo-liberalism has been imposed by powerful financial institution. InterAmerican development Bank (IDB) is one of such institution.

67. Which one of the following countries is an example of 'state capitalism'?

Correct Answer: (a) China
Solution:China is an example of state capitalism. The communist party of China maintains that despite the coexistence of private capitalists and entrepreneurs with public and collective enterprise, China is not a capitalist country because the party retains control over the direction of the country, maintaining its course of socialist development. Many analysts assert that China is one of the main examples of state capitalism in the 21st century.

68. What percentage of the total profit a corporate must invest for the purpose of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)' in India?

Correct Answer: (d) 2%
Solution:2% of the total profit a carporate must invest for the purpose of ''Carporate social Responsibility (CSR)' in India.

69. A set of policies which emphasizes the rule of market, cutting public expenditure for social services, deregulations puritization and elimination of the public good or community is conceptualized as which of the following?

Correct Answer: (c) Neo-liberalism
Solution:A set of policies which emphasizes the rules of market, cutting public expenditure for social services, deregulations puritization and eliminations of the public good or community is conceptualized as Neoliberalism. Fordism refers to the large scale Production of Identical products, whereas Post Fordism refers to the flexible Specialization of Production in small batches.

70. What is the measure of extreme poverty internationally in terms of per day per head of purchasing parity?

Correct Answer: (b) $ 1.9
Solution:$ 1.9 is the measure of extreme porerty internationally in terms of per day per head of purchasing parity.