NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam, June 2020 Commerce (Evening-Shift)

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a self regulating business model that helps a company be socially accountable to itself, its stakeholders and the public.

By practicing corporate citizenship, companies can be conscious of the kind of impact they are having on all aspect of society including economic, social and environmental.

The objective of energy management and audit invariable includes following in business enterprises
(A) Minimising cost of energy consumption.
(B) Minimising waste in energy consumption.
(C) Minimising environment degradation.
Energy management is the process of monitoring, controlling and conserving energy in a building or organisation. The energy management process starts with an energy audit of given location. Just as started above, the goal is to find opportunities to improve efficiency.

All option are the correct-
(A) A generic loan moratorium to the borrowers
(B) Two percent interest subvention on sishu loans under the pradhan mantri mudra yojna.

All option are the correct-
(A) A generic loan moratorium to the borrowers
(B) Two percent interest subvention on sishu loans under the pradhan mantri mudra yojna.
(C) Providing Rs. 1,500 crore for animal husbandry infrastructure fund (AHIDF) to help investment dairy, meat processing and animal feed plants.
(D) Financial incentives to former producer organisations (FPOs) and micro, small and medium enterprise (MSMEs)

Organizational socialization is one very important aspect of orientation, the introduction of a new employee to the enterprise filling a vacant position is not designed for the socialization of new managers.

Organizational socialization is the process by which people learn about and adjust to the knowledge, skills, attitudes, expectations and behaviours needed for a new or changing role within an organisation.

The socialization process truly begins when a future employee simply considers working for a company. The candidate forms expectations of what the daily realities and culture of a work place will be.

The goods and service tax or (GST) is a major indirect tax reform introduced in India by integrating the major indirect taxes of the centre and states it is a comprehensive tax levied on the manufactures, sale and consumption of goods and services.
The GST is a destination based consumption tax made on value addition.

The GST is destination tax, it is expected to favour 'consuming states' as opposed to the richer "producing states' which supply goods and services to consumers in other states besides their own. Even the IGST collected by the center is shared with the state where the good or service concerned is sold, not the one in which it was produced.

This is a not a progressive taxation this is fixed taxation.

(A) Provising of collateral free automatic loans worth Rs. '3' Lakh crores.
(B) Provising of 100% credit guarantee coverage to banks and NBFCs on principle and interest for loans NBFCs.
(C) Redefined MSME:s to include both investment and turnover criteria.

The package announced by the government includes INR '3' trillion for collateral free loans to MSMEs of four year tenure with no payments due for one year.

The government will offer a 100% credit guarantee cover on Rs. 3 Lakh crore worth loans that banks and non-banking finance companies (NBFCs) are expectation to give to businesses, including micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), which have been badly hit due to the pandemic.

Union cabinet has approved the revised new definition of the MSME. The MSMEs have been redefined on the basis of investment limit and turnover size. The medium units will now be defined as companies with upto Rs. 50 crore investment and turnover of 250 crore.

The government has informed the supreme court that loans upto Rs. 2 crores taken by individuals and micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) will be eligible for a waiver of compound interest during the six-month moratorium period.

Price sensitive customers are those who view! price as a serious factor in a purchase. Some customer view extremely low price as too good to be true and may assign a poor value to a product without having tried it.

These types of prestige price customers of ten refusee to purchase a product of lower cost.

Price sensitivity is the degree to which demand changes when the cost of a product or service changes.

A service is a transation in which there is no physical transfer of goods from the seller to the buyer. The benefits of such a service are held to be demonstrated by a buyer's willingness to make the exchange.

Readily accepted characteristics of the services are as follows:-
Perishability
Inseparability
Intangibility
Heterogeneity
Ownership
Simultaneity
Quality measurement
Nature of demand

The change in a consumer's consumption of a good in response to an income-compensated price change is called the Substitution effect. The substitution effect always involves a change in consumption in a direction opposite that of the price change.
When a consumers is maximizing utility, the ratio of] marginal utility to price is the same for all goods

For a consumers who purchases only two goods, price reduction increase the extra utility per rupee available from the good whose price has fallen; a consumer's purchasing power will increase and thus purchase more it.

When the price of goods decreases, the rate of consumption will increase.

Customer interviews are a common mechanism for gathering the voice of customer (VOC) customer interviews are usually conducted one-to-one with individual customers or with a small no. of people from the same business or family group.

Problems with customer interview:-
A non-random sample:- is a sampling technique where the sample selection is based on some factors other than some random chance.

Response bias:- also known as survey bias, is the tendency of a person to untruthfullly or misleadingly answer questions of a survey.