NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam, June, 2020 Geography

Total Questions: 100

11. Histogram is associated with which one of the following data distribution

Correct Answer: (b) Continuous frequency distribution
Solution:

A frequency distribution shows how often each different value in a set of data occurs. A histogram is the most commonly used graph to show Continuous frequency distributions. Continuous frequency distribution are those values which can take on value within a range. It looks very much like a bar chart, but there are important differences between them. This helpful data collection and analysis tool is considered one of the seven basic quality tools-
You want to see the shape of the data’s distribution, especially when determining whether the output of a process is distributed approximately normally.
Analyzing whether a process can meet the customer’s requirements.
Analyzing what the output from a supplier’s process looks like.
Seeing whether a process change has occurred from one time period to another.
Determining whether the outputs of two or more processes are different.
You wish to communicate the distribution of data quickly and easily to others.

12. Which of these is not a type of federal state?

Correct Answer: (c) Composite
Solution:

A federal state is a type of national government in which the sovereignty constitutionally split between two territorial levels so that each level can act independently of each other in some areas Compromised, Imposed and Centralized in given option are a type of federal state and composite is not a type of federal state. Hence, option (c) is correct.

13. Sand dunes formed as long elongated ridges oriented at right angles to the wind direction are known as:

Correct Answer: (c) Transverse dunes
Solution:

Transverse dunes are long sand dunes with a wavy ridge running along their length. These dunes are arranged in rows that are parallel, or side by side. They are made by winds carrying lots of sand. The ridges lie at right angles to the direction of the wind. Some transverse dunes are more than 30 miles (50km) long. A dune is a landform composed of wind- or water-driven sand. It typically takes the form of a mound, ridge, or hill. An area with dunes is called a dune system or a dune complex.

14. Read the following statement regarding Hypsometric curve-

(A) It shows the area – height relationship of a drainage basin.
(B) A convex curve indicates that bulk of the basin’s area remains at relatively low elevation.
(C) A concave curve is characterized by diffusive hill slope processes such as land sliding, soil creep etc.
(D) The simple way to characterize the shape of hypsometric curve for any drainage basin is to calculate hypsometric integral (HI)
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (c) (A) and (D) are correct
Solution:

A hypsometric curve is a histogram or cumulative distribution function of elevations in a geographical area. Convex hypsometric curves characterizes young slightly eroded regions thus showing higher elevation so option B is incorrect while, concave curves point to old, highly eroded region. Thus the hill slope is highly refined and not of diffusive type so option B is incorrect The simple way to characterize the shape of the hypsometric curve for any drainage basin is to calculate hypsometric integral (HI).Therefore, (A) and (D) are correct

15. Given below are two statements: One is labeled as Assertion (A) and the other is labeled as Reason (R)

Assertion (A): The land capability approach is that where land was graded according to its susceptibility to soil erosion under differing farming and forestry systems of production.
Reason(R): The most demanding system of production would therefore concentrate on the best and the most extensively on the poorest land.
In the light of the above Statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (b) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A)
Solution:

Land capability may be defined as the ability of the land surface to support natural plant growth/ wildlife habitat or artificial crop growth/ human habitat. Thus, it indicates the type of land use [human habitation, agriculture, pastures, forests, wildlife habitat, etc.] that is suitable over a particular type of land. Different lands have different capabilities depending on the land characteristics like slope, soil type, soil depth, and erosion conditions.
The most demanding crops like basmati Rice, Good quality grains, fruits are concentrated on the best soil type because of to produce the crops and fruits in higher quantity to cater the demand while the soil of less fertility and poor mineral content is sown by the crops like Bajra, Ragi in extensive from of cultivation because of availability of land.
Therefore, Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).

16. Who according to Hartshorne had set the direction of Geographic thought for the future?

Correct Answer: (d) Van Richthofen
Solution:

According to Hartshorne, Van Richthofen, had set the direction of Geographic thought for the future. According to Richard Hartshorn, "geography is concerned to provide accurate, orderly, and rational description and interpretation of the variable character ofthe earth's surface."

17. Which one of the following recycle periods is correct for oxygen?

Correct Answer: (b) 2000 years
Solution:

Oxygen moves through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere through various biogeochemical cycles. The lithosphere is the largest reservoir of oxygen while the biosphere is the smallest one.
The oxygen cycle is a biogeochemical cycle involved in the circulation of the oxygen atoms present in the earth through a series of intricate processes. There are three consecutive stages of the oxygen cycle,
Stage-1: the release of oxygen to the atmosphere during the process of photosynthesis by green plants
Stage-2: use of free oxygen by aerobic organisms for respiration.
Stage-3: exhalation of Carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere and plants use it during photosynthesis. In this Oxygen, balance is maintained on the earth.

18. Identify the processes of heating of ocean water.

(A) Absorption of radiation from the sun
(B) Transformation of kinetic energy
(C) Melting of polar ice
(D) Violation of Ocean laws
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (c) (A) and (B) only
Solution:

The main source of ocean heat is sunlight.
Waves, tides, and currents constantly mix the ocean, moving heat from warmer to cooler latitudes and to deeper levels.
Moving objects are capable of causing a change, or, put differently, of doing work. Energy means the ability to do work, so all moving things have energy by virtue of their motion. This type of energy is called kinetic energy and this kinetic energy also produces some heat due to friction between water molecule
Therefore, A and B only true here.

19. Two dimensional diagrams are also known as

Correct Answer: (d) Area
Solution:

Dimensional diagrams are those diagrams that show statistical information in terms of length, height, area of volume. They are -
(a)One-dimensional diagrams-bar diagrams, line diagram,
(b) Two-dimensional diagrams-rectangles, squares and circles, Pie diagram
(c) Three-dimensional cartograms diagrams-Pictograms and
(d) Zero -dimensional diagrams-Point
As distinguished from one-dimensional diagrams in which only the length of the bar is taken into account, in two-dimensional diagrams the length, as well as the width of the bars, is considered. Thus the area of the bars represents the given two-way classified data. Two- dimensional diagrams are also known as surface diagrams or area diagrams.

20. Given below are two statements: One is labeled as Assertion (A) and the other is labeled as Reason (R):

Assertion (A): Von thunen argued that the sectoral fields are the most irrational, reducing the time spent by the farmers in travelling around the farm.
Reasons (R): Sectoral fields are not common but they are used in varying farming systems and environments.
In the light of the above Statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (d) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct
Solution:

The theory of agricultural location was developed by von Thunen in the year 1826. Notably, the Von Thunen agricultural model was an attempt to answer the problem of balancing the cost of land rents with the most effective crops to grow.

Von Thunen’s Model and Assumptions -
Von Thunen’s key assumptions in the classical model are:
▪ a city is centrally located in an “isolated state,”
▪ one of the surrounding areas around a town is wilderness, land is generally flat,
▪ soil quality and climate are consistent,
▪ farmers transport goods to a market using mainly carts, and
▪ farmers behave rationally in choosing where to conduct their activities. So, sectoral fields are rationally arranged
▪ So A is incorrect.
The land rent gradually declines with increasing distance from the market
▪ It is important to mentioning here that the rate of decline differs for different commodity
▪ The market price of the commodity determines the maximum rent at the market point
▪ It resulted in a zonal distribution of the commodities resulting various sectoral field patterns which are not common but they are used in varying farming system and environment. Therefore R is correct.