NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam, June, 2020 Geography

Aleutian Islands are a site of Volcanic eruptions.
This statement is correct.
At least 75 major volcanoes, active and extinct, have been recognized in the Aleutian arc, extending from Buldir island on the west to Mount Spurr on the east. Of these, 36 are indicated as having been active since 1760. Interestingly the Ring of Fire also referred to as the Circum-Pacific Belt, is a path along the Pacific Ocean characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes.
This is important fact that the Ring of Fire is stretched to approximately 40,000 kilometres (24,900 miles) tracing boundaries between several tectonic plates including the Pacific, Juan de Fuca, Cocos, Indian-Australian, Nazca, North American, and Philippine Plates. Notably, Volcanoes at convergent plate boundaries are found all along the Pacific Ocean basin, primarily at the edges of the Pacific, Cocos, and Nazca plates. It can be said that R is the correct explanation of A.

In Trachographic map average slope and relative relief are shown simultaneously it is also called as Topographic map.
Topographical maps, also known as general purpose maps, are drawn at relatively large scales. These maps show important natural and cultural features such as relief, vegetation, water bodies, cultivated land, settlements, and transportation networks, etc.
These maps are prepared and published by the National Mapping Organisation of each country. For example, the Survey of India prepares the topographical maps in India for the entire country. The topographical maps are drawn in the form of series of maps at different scales. Hence, in the given series, all maps employ the same reference point, scale, projection, conventional signs, symbols and colours.

Al-Idrisi (around 1099-1180 A.D.) who was a Arab scholar, contradicted and corrected many Greek ideas, including those put forth by Ptolemy. In his book on Geography (1154 A.D.), he corrected the Greek idea about the Indian Ocean being a closed sea.

Charles Darwin, in 1859 gave his theory of natural selection which was somewhat influenced from James Hutton "Uniformitarianism" i.e. The process generated in past also operated in present and future although the rate of operation will change. Statement I and II is correct. The evolution of life, he realized, required vast amounts of time, and the science of geology now showed Earth was extremely old. If there had been plenty of time for mountains to rise up and erode away, then there had also been enough time for millions of species to emerge, and either evolve into new species or go extinct. Science’s conceptions of both geology and biology had entered a new day. So both statements are correct.

In given statement A and C are correct. Weaver’s Method of Crop combination Region Crop combination is method of analysis, first developed by J.C. Weaver (1954), for delineating agricultural regions. Weaver’s method is also known as least square method of crop combination.
The method developed by Weaver compares the proportions of an observed distribution with a series of hypothetical distribution.
The latter are calculated for even distribution between 1-crop, 2-crop, 3-crop, it goes on for a number of crops.
For each sub area the percentage of land occupied by each crop is determined and the crops ranked from greatest to lowest.
The observed percentage of crop land are compared with the theoretical percentages to determine which hypothetical category most nearly approximates the observed distribution.
The hypothetical distribution which generates the smallest sum of the squares is the one that best approximates the actual crop combination.
Therefore A and C are correct.

Actually the boundary lying between India and Pakistan represents cultural boundary. Significantly the term “cultural boundary” is in fact an existing term in human geography and anthropology. It is usually used to describe a geographic area where a group of people live under the same aspects of culture, such as language, religion, and tradition.
Consequent boundaries are drawn in order to separate groups based on ethnic, linguistic, religious, or economic differences. The boundary between India and current-day Pakistan was created to separate the main religions in the region, Hindu and Islam. So we can argue that 1 and 4 can be answer of this question.

Kober in his book 'Der bau Der Erde' gave the geosyncline theory in which he describes the rigid waves surrounding the Geosynclines were called by kober as Kratogen. It is worth mentioning that Kober was the one of the major proponents of geosynclinal theory. He was of the view that folded mountains originated from geosyncline.
Kober’s geosynclinal theory is based on the forces of contraction produced by the cooling of the earth. According to him there were mobile zones of water in the places of present-day mountains. He called mobile zones of water as geosynclines or orogen.

Ogive curves is correct to show the cumulative frequency distribution.
An Ogive curve is a type of curve of the cumulative frequency distribution or cumulative relative frequency distribution.
It is important to mention here that for drawing such a curve, the frequencies must be expressed as a percentage of the total frequency. Then, such percentages are cumulated and plotted, as in the case of an Ogive.
There are two type of O-give curves i.e., more than O-give Curve and less-than O-give curve.
• In a less than O-give, the frequencies of all preceding classes are added to the frequency of a class.
• In a more than O-give curve the frequencies of the succeeding classes are added to the frequency a class.

AO. Hirschman advocated a policy of deliberate imbalanced development.
O. Hirschman developed the idea of unbalanced investment to complement existing imbalances. A broad choice of development strategy is between Ragnar Nurkse’s theory of balanced growth (BG) and A. O. Hirschman’s theory of unbalanced growth (UG). The doctrine of BG is based on the economic rationale for a ‘big push’.
He says that for accelerating the pace of economic development in the under develop countries, it is advisable to create imbalances deliberately. Hirschman explained his concept with the help of two terms i.e., ”Trickling–down effect” and Polarization effect”.
Trickling down effect (analogous to Myrdal’s Spread effect) Polarization effect (analogous to backwash effect).