NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam, June, 2020 Geography

Darwin gave his 'Theory of natural selection' in 1959 in his book "On the origin of species" In it, he proposed that species evolve and that common ancestry.
• The mechanism that Darwin proposed for evolution is natural selection because resources are limited in nature organisms with heritable traits that favour survival and reproduction will tend to leave more offspring than their peers.
• Adaptation according to Darwin are the changes that occurred in living organism due to changing geographical feature (Topography, climate) over spatial-temporal scales.
• "Survival for the fittest" stands for the fact that only the fittest (physiologically, mentally) organisms can survive in this world because the weak one can be eliminated by various diseases, predators etc. While the fittest one have the ability to protect themselves, from these statement I is correct
(b) heredity—the conservative force that transmits similar organic form from one generation to another; and
(c) the struggle for existence—which determines the variations that will confer advantages in a given environment, thus altering species through a selective reproductive rate.

It was very obvious that the consumption of oxygen has increased after the Industrial Revolution in 1860.
Due to fast pace growth of human population and its various Oxygen consuming activities after I.R. 1860 leads to declining of atmospheric O₂. Oceanic oxygen level is also decreasing and Oceanic CO₂ and atmospheric CO₂ is increasing at fast pace leading to Global burning.
Statement-II is incorrect because Although it is not measurable yet to calculate the countries oxygen consumption but we can logically infer that countries with high living organism and high anthropogenic activities like china, India U.S.A consumes highest oxygen than others.

Digitizing or scanning are example of Data acquisition GIS procedure. Scanning converts paper maps into digital format by capturing features as individual cells, or pixels, producing an automated image. Maps are generally considered the backbone of any GIS activity. But many a time paper maps are not easily available in a form that can be readily used by the computers.
Most of the paper maps had been prepared on the basis of old conventional surveys. New maps can be produced using improved technologies but this requires time as it increases the volume of work. Thus, we have resort to the available maps.
These paper maps have to be first converted into a digital format usable by the computer.

In given statements statement B is correct.
In the vector data model, every feature is assigned a unique numerical identifier, which is stored with the feature record in an attribute table.
The vector data model represents real-world features as points, lines, and polygons whose boundaries are defined by x,y coordinate pairs due to which collection process become lengthy and expensive.
Continuous data, such as elevation data, are not effectively represented in vector form.
It is important to mention here that usually, substantial data generalization or interpolation is required for these data layers. Spatial analysis and filtering within polygons is impossible. It is a compact data structure and has high cartographic output quality.

Nodal region- are develops around a mode or focal point i.e. transport network, service centre, communication network etc.
• It shows the interrelationship between the core and its hinterland.
• It is also called as functional region which is characterized by linkage and flow.
'NCR' is a Nodal region which connects the various growth corridors like Delhi- Meerut, Delhi – Amritsar, Delhi-Gurgaon–Alwar, Delhi-Panipat.

The graphic below depicts this Earth- Sun relationship at two different points on the Earth's surface. It is important to mention here that the Sun is off the graphic to the right.
If the Sun is directly overhead the place/point, then 1X of insolation is being put to 1X of the surface at the point.
It's just like the flashlight being directly over a spot.
Briefly we can say that the point is receiving maximum insolation available (1X of solar energy is being put on 1X of an area).
This happens at noon with vertical sunshine over the place. Therefore it is clear that, 1 m width surface area is covered by a solar beam of 1 m width at noon with vertical sunshine.

L-Waves are more destructive at the epicenter. The slowest (and latest to arrive on seismograms) are surface waves, such as the L wave. L waves are named after the Cambridge mathematician A.E.H. Love who first described them. The surface waves are generally the largest recorded from an earthquake that's why it is also called as 'Love wave'.
Body waves in the earth's interior lose their amplitude rapidly as they get farther from the earthquake because they spread out inside the volume of the earth. Surface waves, however, spread out more slowly and only on the earth's surface. The energy from surface waves is confined to a smaller volume at the surface and the wave amplitude to carry that energy is therefore larger than body waves.

'Zone of assimilation' and ‘Zone of discard' these terms are related to the delimitation of CBD of a city.
The central business district (CBD) is that part of the city which contains the principal commercial streets and main public buildings.
Throughout history the CBD has been characterized by a number of land use changes that include industrial. residential, commercial, administration, and consumption. These spatial and temporal changes have been used to support and reject a number of theories and delimitations of the CBD.

Moving objects are capable of causing a change, or, put differently, of doing work because of kinetic energy. For example, think of a wrecking ball. Even a slow-moving wrecking ball can do a lot of damage to another object, such as an empty house. However, a wrecking ball that is not moving does not do any work.
Potential energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position relative to others, stores writhing itself.

Developed by Max O Lorenz in 1905 for representing inequality of wealth distribution.
• Lorenz graphs percentiles of the population against cumulative income or wealth of people at or below that percentile
• It uses Gini coefficient a mathematical representation of inequality.