NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam, June, 2020 Geography

The Green Revolution
M.S. Swaminathan called of father of G.R. in India At independence, about 75 per cent of the country's population was dependent on agriculture. Productivity in the agricultural sector was very low because of the use of old technology and the absence of required infrastructure for the vast majority of farmers.
India's agriculture vitally depends on the monsoon and if the monsoon fell short the farmers were in trouble unless they had access to irrigation facilities which very few had. The stagnation in agriculture during the colonial rule was permanently broken by the green revolution.
This refers to the large increase in production of food grains resulting from the use of high yielding variety (HYV) seeds especially for wheat and rice. The use of these seeds required the use of fertiliser and pesticide in the correct quantities as well as regular supply of water; the application of these inputs in correct proportions is vital.
The farmers who could benefit from HYV seeds required reliable irrigation facilities as well as the financial resources to purchase fertiliser and pesticide. As a result, in the first phase of the green revolution (approximately mid 1960s upto mid 1970s), the use of HYV seeds was restricted to the more affluent states such as Punjab, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. Further, the use of HYV seeds primarily benefited the wheat growing regions only.
In the second phase of the green revolution (mid-1970s to mid-1980s), the HYV technology spread to a larger number of states and benefited more variety of crops. The spread of green revolution technology enabled India to achieve self-sufficiency in food grains; we no longer had to be at the mercy of America, or any other nation, for meeting our nation's food requirements. Growth in agricultural output is important but it is not enough. In given statements option 2 is not correct.

Globalization raises the degree of independence resulting in lesser control over the domestic economy and loss of economic sovereignty. Countries have built economic partnerships to facilitate these movements over many centuries. The term 'Globalization' gained popularity after the Cold War in the early 1990s.
Globalisation has helped nations integrate their economy with the rest of the world, and it has reduced barriers to trade and increased economic activity manifold. It has also led to cultural, social and technological exchanges that have helped governments tackle internal and external challenges with greater efficiency.
Therefore Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A)

'Regional geography' is concerned with the unique characteristics of distinct countries and areas, whereas 'general geography' is concerned with the subject's general rules. This dichotomy between 'general' and 'special' was first raised by Bernhard Varenius in the 17th century.

The 'Arabian Sea Branch' and 'Bay of Bengal Branch of Indian monsoon merge together over Punjab and adjoining Himalayas. South-West Monsoon Season - June to mid-September. South-West Monsoon Season is also known as a hotwet season.
Sudden onset is an important feature of South West Monsoons. Arabian sea branch is located at western side of India whereas the Bay of Bengal branch is in the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean which is bounded on the west and northwest by India.

The Jhelum River is a tributary of Indus and is located in eastern Pakistan, northern India.It originates from the Verinag Spring in Anantnag district of Jammu and Kashmir and flows into the Chenab river. The Jhelum rises from a deep spring at Verinag, in western Jammu and Kashmir union territory, in the Indianadministered portion of the Kashmir region.
The river meanders northwestward from the northern slope of the Pir Panjal Range through the Vale of Kashmir to Wular Lake at Srinagar, which controls its flow.
While Beas river flows through → H.P. and Punjab
Chenab river flows through → H.P. and J & K
Ravi river flows through → H.P. and Punjab

Dripstone is Calcium carbonate rock deposited in caves by the precipitation of calcite from water as excess dissolved carbon dioxide mix it form a weak acid called carbonic acid which helps to dissolve underlying rock (calcite rocks mainly) calcite precipitate on ceilings walls and floors are called as Speleotherm.
Dripstone takes various forms, including stalactites, helictites (having spiral form), curtains, ribbons, and stalagmites.

A hypermarket is a retail store that combines a department store and a grocery supermarket. Often a very large establishment, hypermarkets offer a wide variety of products such as appliances, clothing, and groceries.
Hypermarkets offer shoppers a one-stop shopping experience. The idea behind this big box store is to provide consumers with all the goods they require_ under one roof. Some of the most well-knoWrE hypermarkets include the Wal-Mart Supercenter, Fred Meyer, Meijer, and Super Kmart.
Because of large area requirement they often choose our of town areas mainly subverts or other areas that are accessible by automobile so option 3 is correct.

The Koppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by the German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1900 based on the major vegetation zone suggested by Candolle in1874. Af = Tropical rainforest climate;
The average precipitation of at least 60 mm (2.4 in) every month. No dry season Monthly variations in temperature in these regions are less than about 30°C. The extremely high humidity and surface temperatures in these regions cause cumulus and cumulonimbus clouds to form early into the afternoons every day, resulting in a high amount of precipitation.
Because of hot and wet conditions throughout the year, tropical rain forests (selva) occur in this part of the earth. The jungle where light penetrates. High year-round insolation and precipitation of doldrums (ITC); rising air along trade wind coasts. Equal day and night length. Low annual temperature range (3°F - 5°F) These climates usually occur within the 10° latitude of the equator. Koppen's Af type of climate region extends upto 1000 m from the mean sea level