NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam, June, 2020 Geography

Total Questions: 100

81. Given below are two statements:

Statement I: Due to an increase of pressure near the ocean bottom, the density also increases from surface towards the depth
Statement II: If light surface water is driven away by winds, dense sub-surface water upwells on the surface
In the light of the above Statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below

Correct Answer: (a) Both Statement I and Statement Il are true.
Solution:

Density refers to the amount of mass per unit volume, such as grams per cubic centimetre (g/cm3). The density of freshwater is 1 g/cm 3 at 4°C (see section 5.1), but the addition of salts and other dissolved substances increases surface seawater density to between 1.02 and 1.03 g/cm3.
The density of seawater can be increased by reducing its temperature, increasing its salinity, or increasing the pressure. As pressure increases, so does water density. The water molecules pack together tighter as pressure increases -the pressure increase with depth, due to the weight of the water above, and causes the greatest density changes in seawater with depth (greater than the density changes due to temperature and salinity changes).
Surface zone - upper layer containing the least dense water; about 2% of total ocean volume; most variable part ofthe ocean because it is in contact with the atmosphere. Pycnocline - zone in which density increases rapidly with depth; about 18% of ocean water Deep zone - about 80% of all ocean water; little change in density; originates at the surface in high latitudes where it cools, becomes dense, sinks to the seafloor, and flows equatorward across the ocean basin Upwelling of seawater: Upwelling is a process in which deep, cold water rises toward the surface
If light surface water is driven away by winds, dense sub-surface water upwells on the surface. Coastal upwelling occurs where Ekman transport moves surface waters away from the coast; surface waters are replaced by water that wells up from below.

82. Which one of the following is the correct sequence of Contributors in the development of Greek Geography?

Correct Answer: (c) Anaximander. Herodotus. Eratosthenes, Hipparchus
Solution:

The correct sequence is Anaximander, Herodotus, Eratosthenes, Hipparchus.
Anaximander: 610-546 BC
Herodotus: 484-420 BC
Eratosthenes: 276-194 BC
Hipparchus: 190-120 BС

83. The slope replacement was propounded by

Correct Answer: (b) A. Penck
Solution:

The slope replacement was propounded by A. Penck. According to Penck, the convex upper unit of slopes is formed when uplift is more pronounced than denudation. The middle rectilinear unit has equal rates of uplift and denudation.
The concave waning slope is dominated by denudation. Penck then argued that steep scarps are gradually replaced and engulfed by a growing basal surface (the concave slope grows and replaces the rectilinear slope, the rectilinear slope grows and engulfs the scarp and convex slope). This causes the slope to become gentler.

84. "Dry point" settlements are common in

Correct Answer: (a) Deltas
Solution:

Dry point settlement means the site of a settlement which is located in a higher land or avoids land prone to flooding such as a gravel mound or the valley site.
A drypoint has the advantages of flood protection, fertile soil, and fairly flat land which is ideal for agriculture and building. Hence, one can easily conclude that "Drypoint" settlements are common in the Deltas area.

85. Given below are two statements: One labeled as Assertion (A) and the other labeled as Reason (R)

Assertion (A): The moon's high tide time lag in each day is 50 minutes.
Reasons (R): The total duration required to is complete the two cycles of high and low tides at any place is 24 hours 50 minutes.
In the light of the above Statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Solution:

A lunar day (also known as a "tidal day") is the time it takes for a specific site on the Earth to rotate from an exact point under the moon to the same point under the moon. Unlike a solar day, however, a lunar day is 24 hours and 50 minutes. The lunar day is 50 minutes longer than a solar day because the moon revolves around the Earth in the same direction the Earth rotates around its axis.
So, it takes the Earth an extra 50 minutes to "catch up" to the moon. Because the Earth rotates through two tidal "bulges" every lunar day, coastal areas experience two high and two low tides every 24 hours and 50 minutes. High tides occur 12 hours and 25 minutes apart. Unlike a 24-hour solar day, a lunar day lasts 24 hours and 50 minutes.
This occurs because the moon revolves around the Earth in the same direction that the Earth is rotating on its axis. Therefore, it takes the Earth an extra 50 minutes to "catch up" to the moon. Since the Earth rotates through two tidal "bulges" every lunar day, we experience two high and two low tides every 24 hours and 50 minutes. Here, we see the relationship between the tidal cycle and the lunar day.
High tides occur 12 hours and 25 minutes apart, taking six hours and 12.5 minutes for the water at the shore to go from high to low, and then from low to high. Note: This animation is shown from the perspective of a viewer in the northern hemisphere. From a viewer in the southern hemisphere, the rotation would appear to go clockwise. Therefore, Both (A) and (R) and (R) is the correct explanation of(A).

86. Given below are two statements: One is labeled as Assertion (A) and the other is labeled as Reason (R)

Assertion (A): Build operate transfer (BOT) is a scheme under which public operators are invited to construct roads and bridges.
Reasons (R): The national highways Act has been amended to facilitate private investment under (BOT) scheme.
In the light of the above Statements. Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (c) (A) is correct but (R) in not correct
Solution:

A build-operate-transfer (BOT) contract is a model used to finance large projects, typically infrastructure projects developed through public-private partnerships. BOT projects are normally large-scale, greenfield infrastructure projects that would otherwise be financed, built and operated solely by the government.
The National Highways act:
The National Highways act was an Act to provide for the declaration of certain highways to be national highways and for matters connected therewith. This Act was enacted by Parliament in the Seventh Year of the Republic of India in 1956. This Act may be called the National Highways Act, 1956. The amendment was done in 1997 aimed at revamping the existing one.

87. Match List-I with List-II:

ABCD
(a)IIIIIIIV
(b)IVIIIIII
(c)IIIIIIIV
(d)IIIIIIVI
Correct Answer: (d)
Solution:
TheoriesProponents
Thermal Contraction TheoryJeffrey’s theory is based essentially on the history of the contraction of the earth. According to him the earth began to shrink because of contraction caused by gradual cooling of the earth due to loss of heat through radiation from the very beginning of its origin.
Theory of GeosynclineGeosyncline, a linear trough of subsidence of the Earth’s crust within which vast amounts of sediment accumulate. The filling of a geosyncline with thousands or tens of thousands of feet of sediment is accompanied in the late stages of deposition by folding, crumpling, and faulting of the deposits. It is given by Hall and Dana.
Theory of Seafloor SpreadingSeafloor spreading, the theory that oceanic crust forms along submarine mountain zones, known collectively as the mid-ocean ridge system, and spreads out laterally away from them. It was proposed by American geophysicist Harry H. Hess in 1960.
Doctrine of UniformitarianismThe principle of uniformitarianism is essential to understanding Earth’s history. However, prior to 1830, uniformitarianism was not the prevailing theory. Until that time, scientists subscribed to the idea of catastrophism. Catastrophism suggests that the features seen on the surface of Earth, such as mountains, were formed by large, abrupt changes—or catastrophes.

88. The Characteristics of the countries engaged in subsistence farming include

(A) Developing economy
(B) High density of population
(C) Low level of technology
(D) High developed international trade
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

Correct Answer: (d) (A), (B) and (C)
Solution:

Subsistence farming is the method of agriculture to grow food crops to meet the needs of themselves and their families on smallholdings. This type of agriculturalists target farm output for survival and for mostly local requirements, with little or no surplus. Basic characteristics of subsistence farming:
Small capital or finance requirements, Mixed cropping, Limited use of agrochemicals Unimproved varieties of crops and animals, Little or no surplus yield for sale, use of crude/ traditional tools (hoes, machetes, and cutlasses), Mainly the production of food crops, performed on small scattered plots of land, reliance on unskilled labor (often family members), and (generally) low yields. It is mainly practiced in developing countries like Pakistan, Srilanka, India, etc. Due to unavailability of capital, and fertilizers the output' of farms.

89. 'Household register' in Japan was known by the name

Correct Answer: (c) Koseki
Solution:

'Household register' in Japan was known by the name of Koseki. It is an official document that every Japanese citizen has, and it tells you about your birth date, birth address, parents' names, etc.
People usually have it registered to the birthplace. If you know where your "Koseki" is registered to, as well as your family's official Japanese name in Japanese writing. The koseki, or Family Registration, is the system by which births, deaths, marriages and divorces of Japanese nationals are recorded. In some sense, it is a national identity registration, since Japanese public offices collect and maintain these detailed records about all Japanese citizens.

90. Match List-I with List-II:

ABCD
(a)IIIVIIII
(b)IIIIIIIV
(c)IIIIIIVI
(d)IVIIIIII

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (a)
Solution: