NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam., June 2020 Sociology (Paper-II)

Total Questions: 100

41. Choose two primary causes of physical domestic violence as per NFHS surveys and many other studies in India

A. Childlessness
B. Economic prosperity
C. Intergenerational transmission of violence
D. Higher level of education

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Correct Answer: (c) A and C only
Solution:As per the survey done by the National Family Health survey of India, results have shown that two of the primary causes of domestic violence in India are childlessness and intergenerational transmission of violence. Infertility or failed efforts to reproduce is becoming a public health problem in India. On the other hand children who experienced both abuse as a child and witnessed parental violence perpetrate more severe marital violence than those who only witnessed domestic violence or those without a history of domestic violence.

42. Gender inequalities in society are attributed to masochism and penis envy among females. This view is held by which of the following scholars?

A. J. Lacan
B. J. Kristeva
C. J. Mitchell
D. B. Mitchell

Choose the correct answer from the opions envy below :

Correct Answer: (b) A. B. C only
Solution:"Feminine Masochism" means deriving pleasure from psychological suffering, the pain inflicted by oneself, or others. In his 1932 essay "Femininity", Freud connects masochistic pleasure with those who embody the "feminine" personality traits traditionally associated with women, such as passivity and dependence. This view is held by Lacan, J. Kristeva and Juliet Mitchell scholars.

43. The main works of Karl Marx were:

A. Dictionary of Marxist Thought
B. Power : A Radical View
C. Grundrisse
D. Class and class conflict in Industrial society
E. A contribution to a critique of political economy

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (a) C and E only
Solution:The main works of Karl Marx includes -

1. Grundrisse - This book published in 1939 by Karl Marx gives an in-depth study of economics, of humanism and shares the influence of Hegelian dialectic method.

2. A contribution to a critique of political economy: Karl Marx wrote this manuscript in 1859 and this book gives an analysis of capitalism and quantity theory of money.

44. Which of the following are elements of induction?

A. General statements
B. Suggesting a regular association between two or more variables
C. Conclusion is the starting point
D. Derived from a series of empirical observations
E. Firm conclusion

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Correct Answer: (c) B and D only
Solution:Elements of Induction:
• A form of logical reasoning that derives general conclusions from a set of specific facts. A research method that uses data such as observations to create generalizations. Moving from the particular to the general.
• Suggesting a regular association between two or more variables and derived from a series of empirical observations are elements of induction.

45. Who among the following have used comparative method in their studies?

A. Emile Durkheim
B. B. Malinowski
C. A.R. Radcliffe-Brown
D. Max Weber

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (c) A. C and D only
Solution:Comparative method is widely used for the study of social phenomena. It is believed that in our present society many social institutions are linked with each othor and as such, a comparative study method is absolutely necessary. Emile Durkeim, A.R. Radcliffe Brown and Max Weber have used comparative method in their studies.

46. Which of the following elements are involved in data analysis

A. Data collecting
B. Coding C. Editing
D. Classification
E. Observation

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (d) B. C and D only
Solution:The steps involved in conversion of raw data onto meaningful information are known as data analysis. The different elements in data analysis are as follows -
(a) Coding of data - Coding involves assigning number to the various categories of variable to be used in data analysis or translating answer into numerical rules.
(b) Editing of data - During to process of data collection some of the information gathered maybe incomplete. Therefore the data must be thoroughly edited to make the data uniform, legible and error free.
(c) Classification of data - Classification of data is also an important step in the process of data to be located and retrieved.

47. According to T. Shanin which of the following are characteristics of the peasant societies?

A. Family labour
B. Production for Market
C. Agriculture as a way of life
D. Dependence on Urban means
E. Underdog position

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (b) A. C and E only
Solution:Teodor Shanin is one among the prominent sociologists in the history of the sociological theory, In his study on the peasant societies, he has given some following characteristics which are given as below:

(a) The family farmer is the major economic unit around which production, labour, consumption organized.
(b) Land husbandry is the main activity combined with minimal specialization and family based vocational training for task.

There is a particular pleasant way of life based on the local village community which covers most area of social life and culture and also distinguishes it from urban life from those of other social group.

48. Which of the following clauses in the Indian Constitution apply only to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes?

A. Art 340
B. Art 16
C. Art 330
D. Art 275
E. Art 14

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Correct Answer: (d) A. C. D only
Solution:The following Articles below apply to the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribe in the constitution of India:
Article 340 - Article 340 of the Indian Constitution lays down conditions for the appointment of a commission to investigate the constitutions of backward classes that lies within the territory of India.
Article 330 - Article 330 of the Indian Constitution says that seats shall be reserved for the Scheduled Caste and the Scheduled Tribes in the Lok Sabha.
Article 275 - Under Article 275 the constitution of India provides grants - in-aid from the consolidated Fund of India each year to the states when in need of assistance. Different sums are fixed for different states and the states undertake these decisions with approval from the Scheduled Tribes in relation with development and improvement of administration in the scheduled areas.

49. After independence, till 1970, the sociological and social anthropological studies have shown a deep concern for which of the following three developments in India?

A. Environmental
B. Cultural
C. Economic
D. Gender
E. Social

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (d) C. E. B only
Solution:India, after becoming free embarked on a programme of planned development in areas such as economy, gender and culture.

50. Which of the following three characteristics did the feudal estates of medieval Europe have?

A. Had a Status
B. Serfdom was decreasing
C. Were political groups
D. Had division of labour
E. Serfs had ability to appeal for justice

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

Correct Answer: (b) A. C and D only
Solution:The feudal system was a system that flourished in the Medieval Europe between 9th and 15th centuries and having legal, economic and cultural customs. Feudal estates had a status for every individual maintained a position in the society according to the three realms namely the nobility, the clergy and the peasantry. The realms were also similar to political groups and each group had division of labour. Serfdom was actually increasing that time and serfs did not have the ability to appeal in the feudal system to voice out their woes.