NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam., June 2020 Sociology (Paper-II)

Total Questions: 100

51. Which two of the following conditions are must for an "Urban agglomeration''?

A. Statutory Town
B. Census Town
C. All constituents must have 20,000 or more persons
D. A degree college
E. Primary Health Centre

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (b) A and C only
Solution:An urban agglomeration refers to a continuous urban spread constituting a town and its adjoining outgrowths or having two or more physically contiguous towns together with or without outgrowths of such towns. An urban agglomeration must consist of atleast a statutory town (all places with a municipality, corporation, cantonment board or notified town area committee etc.) and its population should not be less than 20,000 as per the previous census.

52. Which two of the following are the biggest dams in India?

A. Sardar Sarovar Dam
B. Bhakra Dam
C. Tehri Dam
D. Hirakud Dam

Choose the most approprate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (c) B and C only
Solution:The two biggest dams in India among the following are the Bhakra and Tehri dam. The Bhakra dam is a concrete gravity dam constructed on the Sutlej River in the state of Himachal Pradesh. The Tehri dam on the other hand is a multipurpose rock and earth fill embankment dam constructed in the Bhagirathi River near Tehri in the state of Uttarakhand. The Tehri dam is also known to be the tallest dam in India.

53. On which of the following dates Earth day and World Environment day are celebrated?

A. April 22
B. April 18
C. June 5
D. June11
E. February 2

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (b) A and C only
Solution:The Earth Day is celebrated annually on 22 April and the Environment Day on 5th June with an aim to honour the Earth and protect our environment.

54. Which of the following books are authored/coauthored by Stanley Cohen?

A. Folk, Devils and Moral Panics: The creation of Mods and Rockers
B. Frontiers of Identity: The British and others
C. Visions of Social control
D. The Urban Question
E. The Manufacture of News

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (c) A. C .E only
Solution:The following books are authored by Stanly cohen:

Folk, Devils and Moral Panics - The creation of Mods and Rockers - The book was published during the 1970's and has brought the term called moral panic into discussion. The book also talks about an outstanding investigation of the way in which media and how those people having political power defines a condition or a group as a threat to societal values and interest.
Visions of Social control - This book deals in criminology, social problems, sociology of deviance and also raises a whole range of issues of much wider niterest to the social sciences. It was published in 1985.
The Manfacture of News - Published in 1973, stanley cohen in this book delves into the issues of deviance, social problems and the mass media.

55. Michio Kaku in his Three Pillars of 'Revolution' talks of which of the following?

A. Quantum Revolution
B. Silicon Revolution
C. Computer Revolution
D. Bio-molecular Revolution
E. Green Revolution

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

Correct Answer: (b) A. C. D only
Solution:Michio Kaku's ideas on how science will revolutionize the 21st century are the three pillars such as the atom, the computer and the gene.

1. Quantum Revolution : The quantum revolution gave birth to the other two revolutions. No one understood the world of atom untill 1905 but now we have almost a complete description of matter.
2. Computer Revolution : Computer and its usage were basic until the laser was developed in 1948. At present, there are tens of millions of transitors into the area like the size of a fingernail. Life will change dramatically with the help of a microchip. Before, we used to marvel at intelligence but in the future we may even create and manipulate it.
3. Biomolecular Revolution : There is a genetic code written on the molecules within the cells known as the DNA. The techniques of molecular biology help us to read the code of life just like a book. With the owner's manual for human beings, science and medicine will be altered and improved.

56. According to R.K. Merton, which of the following constitute 'ethos of science'?

A. Organised sceptism
B. Interestedness
C. Universalism
D. Communalism
E. Cognitivism

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

Correct Answer: (c) A. C. D only
Solution:In 1942, Robert King Merton launched four sets of institutional imperatives to explain the "ethos of modern science". They are:

1. Communalism : Communalism means that all scientists should have common ownership of scientific goods as intellectual property which will help them in promoting collective collaboration.
2. Univeralism : Under the norm, scientific validity is independent and free from any sociopolitical status or personal attributes of its participants.
3. Disinterestedness : (A) Scientific should act for the benefit of a common scientific enterprise and not for personal gain.
4. Organized Scepticism : The refers to abstaining from judgement or detatching oneself from critical scrutiny while on the process of study.

57. Which from among the following are determinants of biological sex, relevant in gender test?

A. Reproductive organs
B. Gender tag
C. Hormonal states
D. Secondary sex characteristics
E. Occupational index

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (a) A. C. D only
Solution:Reproductive organs, hormonal states and second sex characteristics are determinants of biological sex, relevant in gender test.

58. Which of the following are characteristics of pre-capitalist mode of production?

A. Unfree labour
B. Commodity production
C. Fusion of economic and political power
D. Mechanisation
E. Subsistence

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

Correct Answer: (d) A. C. E only
Solution:Mode of production refers to the number of ways in which human beings collectively produce their means of subsistence so that they can survive and enhance social being. Mode of production during precapitalist era was characterized by unfree or forced labour with people working under someone having higher authority. People lived a subsistence way of life whereby a farmer grew only enough crops to sustain him and his family.

59. Which of the following are characteristics of social movement?

A. It is a collective behaviour
B. It is oriented towards goals
C. It can bring or resist change
D. Causes of movement are always real, known or unknown
E. Movement is caused by deprivation only

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (c) A. B. C only
Solution:Social Movement refers to a collective organized effort made by large group of people to achieve a particular goal typically a social or political one. This action is carried out in order to resist or undo a social change.

60. Which of the following scholars had contributed to 'Education and Cultural Reproduction'?

A. Basil Bernstein
B. J. Lacan
C. Steve Bruce
D. Bryan S. Turner
E. P. Bourdieu

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

Correct Answer: (a) A and E only
Solution:Basil Bernstein was a British sociologist who showed special interest towards education. He worked on socio-linguistics and the connection between the manner of speaking and social organization.

The concept of Cultural Reproduction was first developed by Pierre Bourdieu, a French sociologist in the early 1970's. Cultural reproduction refers to mechanism by which existing cultural forms, values, practices and shared understandings such as norms are transmitted from one generation to another, thereby sustaining the continuity of cultural experience across time.