NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam., June 2020 Sociology (Paper-II)

Total Questions: 100

71. Match List-I with List-II

List-I (Scholars) List-II (Work)
(A) Oscar Lewis(i) Right to the City
(B) Louis Wirth(ii) Culture of Poverty
(C) Janice Perlman(iii) Myth of Marginality
(D) David Harvey(iv) Urbanism

Choose the correct answer from the options given below : 

Code:ABCD
(a)iiiviiii
(b)iiiiiivi
(c)iiiiiiiv
(d)iviiiiii
Correct Answer: (a)
Solution:• Culture of Poverty is a concept popularized by Oscar Lewis, a well known anthropologist. In his book, Five Families : Mexican case studies in the Culture of Poverty (1959), he discussed about family life among urban poor.
• Urbanism as a way of life (1938) is a work attributed to Louis Wirth. In his essay, Louis writes about how urbanism as a form of social organization is harmful to culture.
• Myth of Marginality (1976) is written by Janice Perlman. The book explores the impact of urban experience on the migrants and squatters of Rio de Janeiro.
• Right to the City according to David Harvey talks about the right every individual has to change oneself by changing the city and a society where power lies on the inhabitants of the city to shape the decisions and conditions that affect our lives.
Eg :- The struggle for community safety and security, neighbourhood sustainability, environmental justice etc.

72. Match List-I with List-II

List-I (Research Work) List-II (Method) 
(A) Field observation(i) Survey
(B) Looking at cause and effect relationships(ii) Content analysis
(C) Aim to describe a few characteristics of a large population(iii) Empirical Research
(D) Analysis of newspaper and media reports(iv) Explanatory Research

Choose the correct answer from the options given below : 

Code:ABCD
(a)iiiiviii
(b)iviiiiii
(c)iviiiiiii
(d)iiiiiiiv
Correct Answer: (a)
Solution:The following research work and methods are given as follows :-

• Survey - A survey is a way to collect information directly from people in a systematic and standardized way. Survey method seeks to describe few characteristics of a large population.
• Content analysis - Content analysis is a research technique which makes use of valid information such as books articles, websites and other media reports and then analysis them for meaningful use.
• Empirical research - Empirical research is a research based on field observation and measurement of phonomena which are directly experienced by the researcher. In this method of research, results are based on real life experiences.
• Explanatory research - In explanatory research, research is conducted for a problem which has not been well researched before so as to explain the study in a detailed manner. Explanatory research looks for a cause - effect relationship.

73. Match List-I with List-II

List-I (Works) List-II (Author/editor) 
(a) India’s Changing Villages(i) M.N. Srivivas
(b) A Rajasthan Village(ii) S.C. Dube
(c) The Remembered Village(iii) Mckim Marriott
(d) Village India(iv) B.R. Chauhan

Choose the correct answer from the options given below : 

Code:ABCD
(a)iiiiiiiv
(b)iiiiiivi
(c)iiiviiii
(d)iviiiiii
Correct Answer: (c)
Solution:
List-I (Works) List-II (Author/editor) 
(a) India’s Changing Villages(ii) S.C. Dube
(b) A Rajasthan Village(iv) B.R. Chauhan
(c) The Remembered Village(i) M.N. Srivivas
(d) Village India(iii) Mckim Marriott

74. Match List-I with List-II

List-I  (Social Thinkers) List-II (Concepts) 
A. M. Castellsi. Binary Oppositions
B. M. Foucaultii. Networking Logic
C. Levi-straussiii. Plastic Sexuality
D. A. Giddensiv. Panoptical Surveillance

Choose the correct answer from the options given below : 

Code:ABCD
(a)iiiviiii
(b)iiiviiii
(c)iviiiiii
(d)iiiiviii
Correct Answer: (b)
Solution:The definition of a network society given by the foremost theorist of the concept, Manuel Castells is that it is a society whose social structure is made up of network powered by micro-electronics - based information and communications technologies.
• Foucault argues that the use of disciplinary power has extend everywhere in society - it is not only in prisons that disciplinary power (surveillance) is used to control people; and it is not only criminals who are subjected to disciplinary power.
• Levi Strauss, a French anthropologist in the 1900s, proposed a theory of 'binary opposites' which entails that the majority of narratives in media forms such as books and film contain opposing main characters. These binary opposites help to thicken the plot and further the narrative; and introduce contrast.
• The concept of plastic sexuality is developed theoretically by Anthony Giddens (1993). "Plastic" refers to the malleability of eratic expression, in terms of both individual choice and frameworks of social norms. Plastic sexuality is that which can be shaped according to individual erotic needs and wants.

75. Match List-I with List-II

List-I (Proponents) List-II (Concepts) 
A. K. Goughi. Matrilliny in Malabar
B. T. Nongbriii. Thaliketukalyanam
C. P. Caplaniii. Seed and earth
D. Leela Dubeiv. Intersectionality

Choose the correct answer from the options given below : 

Code:ABCD
(a)iiiiviii
(b)iiiiiiiv
(c)iiiiiiiv
(d)iviiiiii
Correct Answer: (a)
Solution:
List-I (Proponents) List-II (Concepts) 
A. K. Goughii. Thaliketukalyanam
B. T. Nongbrii. Matrilliny in Malabar
C. P. Caplaniv. Intersectionality
D. Leela Dubeiii. Seed and earth

76. Arange the following in sequence order the development of human communication.

A. Age of Information
B. Age of Speech
C. Age of Writing
D. Age of Electronics
E. Age of Signs

Choose the correct sequence from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (c) E. B. C. D. A
Solution:Sequence of development of human communication -

• Age of signs
↓
• Age of speech - It is estimated that speech and language originated about 40,000 years ago.
↓
• Age of writing - In prehistoric eras pictures and drawings of animals and people and cuneiform were used to communicate.
↓
• Age of Electronics
↓
• Age of information

77. Talcott Parsons has given the following functions of the social system:

A. Integrative Function
B. Adaptation Function
C. Latency Function
D. Goal Attainment Function

Choose the correct sequence from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (d) B. D. A. C
Solution:Talcott Parson's Social system (Structural Functionalists)-His model AGIL, which represents the four basic functions that all social systems must performs if they are to persist. It was one of the first open systems theories of organization.

1. Adaptation - The problem of acquiring sufficient resources.
2. Goal Attainment - The problem of settling and implementing goals.
3. Integration - The problem of maintain solidarity or coordination among the subunits of the system.
4. Latency - The problem of creating, preserving, and transmitting the system's distinctive culture and values.

78. Choose the Correct chronological sequence of Yogendra Singh’s books:

A. Culture change in India : Identity and globalization
B. Essays on Modernization
C. Modernization of Indian Tradition
D. Ideology and theory in Indian Sociology
E. Social Stratification and social Change

Choose the correct sequence from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (c) C. B. E. A. D
Solution:Following is the correct chronology of the books of Yogendra Singh.
(C) Modernization of Indian Tradition (1973)
(B) Essay on Modernization (1977)
(E) Social Stratification and Social change. (1978)
(A) Culture change in India : Identity and globalization (2000)
(D) Ideology and theory in Indian Sociology. (2004)

79. Give the chronological order of kinship theories given below:

A. Structural functionalist
B. Alliance
C. Cultural
D. Descent

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (c) D. A. B. C
Solution:The chronological order on kinship theories are given as follows : -

• Descent - Descent theory of kinship believes in bilateral relationship which means that - It consists of relatives on both the mother's and father's sides.
• Structural Functionalist - The structural variables of kinship determines the number and availability of kins. Functional aspect on the other hand makes guidelines for interactions between persons and also defines acceptable role and relationship among the kin members.
• Alliance - The alliance theory as given by Levi Strauss suggested that, because women's fertility is necessary for the reproduction of the group, women are the supreme gift. Therefore women must be reciprocally exchanged between two famillies.
• Cultural - The cultural perspective of kinship determines the norms that village. The book also provides an insight on the village structure and the Jagir system at the grassroot level.

80. Which of the following is the correct sequence of the evolution of marriage according to L.H. Morgan?

A. Synadyasmain
B. Monogamy
C. Group marriage
D. Consanguineous
E. Patriarchal

Correct Answer: (a) D. C. A. B Only
Solution:L.H. Morgan said that the initial evolution of society was such that there was consanguinal form of marrige which took place between a brother and a sister, secondly as the society evolved there came communal marriage, which means group marriage where several/group of sisters get married to a joint/Group of men, third came the synadyasmain under this type, there is signle pair of marriage without the right of exclusive cohabitation, means they do not live together but one person has a relation with another, patriarchal, where there is marriage between one man and one women with exclusive right of cohabitation. Last stage is monogamous where there is marriage between only one man and one woman.