NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam., June 2021 Sociology (Paper-II)

Total Questions: 100

1. According to Ivan Illich, school have developed which of the following four basic functions?

A. Provision of custodial care
B. Distribution of people within occupational rules
C. Learning of dominant values
D. Promote equality or the development of individual creativity
E. Acquisition of society approved skills and knowledge

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (b) A, B, C and E only
Solution:Deschooling is a term invented by Austrian philosopher Ivan Illich. In Deschooling Society Ivan Illich argued that a good education system should have three purposes: to provide all that want to learn with access to resources at any time in their lives; make it possible for all who want to share knowledge etc. to find those who want to learn it from them; and to create opportunities for those who want to present an issue to the public to make their arguments known.

According to Ivan Illich, Schools have developed for basic functions are provision of custodial care distribution of people within occupation rules, learning of dominant values and acquisition of society approved skills and knowledge.

2. Which one of the following is NOT a harbinger of cultural change?

Correct Answer: (b) Cultural conditioning
Solution:Cultural conditioning is not a harbinger of cultural change. Cultural conditioning is a process through which we absorb and interpret the influences, norms, and messaging from our environment and translate them into what we believe to be acceptable behaviors.

3. Of the following, who has not worked on the functioning of the Jajmani system as a binding force among castes?

A. W. H. Wiser
B. K. Ishwaran
C. M. Opler
D. K. Gough
E. S. C Dube

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (c) D only
Solution:Kathleen Gough has not worked on the functioning of the Jajmani system as a binding force among castes. Jajmani system, reciprocal social and economic arrangements between families of different castes within a village community in India, by which one family exclusively performs certain services for the other, such as ministering to the ritual or providing agricultural labour, in return for pay, protection, and employment security.

4. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.

Assertion A: Democracy has become a global force; while it has become widespread, but all is not well with this political system and it has got into some difficulties almost everywhere.
Reason R: For its failure, it is not the institution itself that is to be blamed; it is the way it has worked or the way its working has been distorted and manipulated by those in power. In light of the above statements,

Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

Correct Answer: (c) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
Solution:Globalization is a complex and controversial process. It has changed the world in many ways and has brought several countries together. However, as well as bringing countries together in some ways, it has also driven them apart. One of the most controversial changes it has made is to the political culture of many countries around the world-many scholars such as David Held would agree that democracy is commonly being regarded as the best form of government. However, is globalization solely responsible for the spread of democracy around the world? The concept of democracy is derived from the Ancient Greek term demokratia which means "rule of the people" and it defines "a form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly be them or by their elected agent under a free electoral system." Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

5. Who is the author of "Private Lives and Public Surveillance"?

Correct Answer: (c) James Rule
Solution:The book "Private Lives and Public Surveillance was written by James Rule in 1973. This book is a detailed study of the collection and use, by government and other bureaucracies, of personal data on private individuals in order to control their behaviour.

His other writings are:
• Insight and Social Betterment
• Public Sociology
• Theories and Progress in Social Sciences
• Theories of Civil Violence

6. Which of the following scholar (s) has not emphasized the term 'Underclass'?

A. J. Goldthorpe
B. M. Savage C.
C. Murray

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (a) A and B only
Solution:J. Goldthorpe and Michael Savage have not emphasized the term 'Underclass'. New Right sociologist Charles Murray developed the idea of an underclass. He argued that generations of young boys grew up without male role models and without the example of paid employment, leading to a criminal underclass of jobless, welfare-dependent, dysfunctional people.

7. Who said, "empty land sitting useless -if homeless people can live there", what is wrong?

Correct Answer: (b) R. Neurwirth
Solution:Robert Neurwirth is an American Journalist, author and investigative reporter said that "empty land sitting useless if homeless people can live there".

8. Levi-Strauss interpreted the sign systems of 'Primitive culture' examining everything from the –––––––.

Correct Answer: (c) Kinship structure
Solution:Levi-Strauss interpreted the sign systems of 'Primitive Culture' examining everything from the Kinship structure. For Levi-Strauss, positive marriage rules combined with the rules of reciprocity as the basis for a general theory of kinship that emphasized exchange as the central principle of kinship and indeed of "man's" break from nature. Levi-Strauss's work demonstrated that human kinship was fundamentally cultural.

9. Which term is used to refer to the characteristics or properties of the studied object?

Correct Answer: (a) Concepts
Solution:Concept term is used to refer to the characteristics or properties of the studied object. A concept is a thought or idea. It's a general idea about a thing or group of things, derived from specific instances or occurrences. It often applies to a theoretical idea in science: Einstein's contribution to the concept of relativity.

10. Which two of the following concepts are related with R. Robertson?

A. Differences-within-Sameness
B. Flow of gatherings and Squeezing
C. McDonaldization and Ethnicization
D. Homogeneity vs. heterogeneity

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (c) A and D only
Solution:Differences-within-Sameness and Homogeneity vs. hetrogeneity concepts are related with R. Robertson. For Robertson, globalization refers to processes whereby the world is moving toward "unicity" to "global unicity", the growing "oneness" of the world as a single, socio-cultural place. The terms homogeneity and heterogeneity are used to describe the uniformity and regularity in spatial distribution of geometrical properties in natural subsurface systems. Homogeneity means spatially uniform-distributed properties. Spatial heterogeneity can refer to both physical and geochemical properties.