NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam., June 2021 Sociology (Paper-II)

Total Questions: 100

21. Which two of the following major greenhouse gases contribute to global warming?

A. Nitrous oxide
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Methane
D. Chlorofluorocarbons

Choose the correct answer from the option given below:

Correct Answer: (d) B and D
Solution:In addition to their role in ozone depletion, chlorofluorocarbons are among the "greenhouse gases" in the atmosphere that contribute to future global warming. The contribution of CFCs to global warming in the last decade is second only to carbon dioxide (CO₂).

22. Match List-I with List-II.

List-I (Thinkers)List-II (Thinkers)
A. Robert MichelsI. Power as Domination
B. Steven LukesII. Power as Dependency and Domination
C. Anthony GiddensIII. The Iron Law of Oligarchy
D. Michael FoucaultIV. Power as Human Agency
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 
Code:ABCD
(a)IIIIIVII
(b)IIIIIIIV
(c)IIIIVIII
(d)IVIIIIII
Correct Answer: (c)
Solution:
List-I (Thinkers)List-II (Thinkers)
A. Robert MichelsIII. The Iron Law of Oligarchy
B. Steven LukesIV. Power as Human Agency
C. Anthony GiddensII. Power as Dependency and Domination
D. Michael FoucaultI. Power as Domination

23. Match List-I with List-II.

List-I (Author)List-II (Books)
A. C. GeertzI. Staying Alive: Women, Ecology and Development
B. A. AgarwalII. Agricultural Involution: The Process of Ecological in Indonesia
C. V. ShivaIII. Environmentality
D. G.A. CajetaIV. Indigenous Community: Rekindling the Teaching of the Seventh Fire
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 
Code:ABCD
(a)IIIIIIIV
(b)IIIIIIIV
(c)IIIIIIIV
(d)IVIIIIII
Correct Answer: (b)
Solution:
List-I (Author)List-II (Books)
A. C. GeertzII. Agricultural Involution: The Process of Ecological in Indonesia
B. A. AgarwalIII. Environmentality
C. V. ShivaI. Staying Alive: Women, Ecology and Development
D. G.A. CajetaIV. Indigenous Community: Rekindling the Teaching of the Seventh Fire

24. A relationship between two quantitative or qualitative variables is considered significant according to the x2 (Chi-square) test at which of the following levels of error?

A. 1%
B. 2%
C. 3%
D. 5%
E. 10%

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (a) A, B, C and D only
Solution:A relationship between two quantitative or qualitative variables is considered significant according to the x² (Chi-square) test at 1%, 2%, 3% and 5% levels of error. Among statisticians a chi square of .05 is a conventionally accepted threshold of statistical significance: values of less than .05 are commonly referred to as "statistically significant". In practical terms, a chi square of less than.

25. Given below are two statements

Statement I: Some major concepts and approaches about social change in India can be grouped as Sanskritisation and Westernization.
Statement II: The term Sanskritization was used by M.N. Srinivas to describe the process of structural transformation in the Indian social structure.

In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

Correct Answer: (c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
Solution:M.N. Srinivas developed two major concepts, "Westernization and Sanskritization" to explain some features of religious culture and social change in India (1966). Sanskritization is a particular form of social change found in India. It denotes the process by which castes placed lower in the caste hierarchy seek upward mobility by emulating the rituals and practices of the upper or dominant castes. In other words, Sanskritization as a social process results only in "Positional Change" not lead to "Structural Change" in caste hierarchy. Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect.

26. Achievement, Self-discipline and Individualism that are instrumental on task-oriented represent which type of societies?

Correct Answer: (a) Advanced societies
Solution:Achievement, Self-discipline and Individualism that are instrumental on task-oriented represent type of Advanced societies. On a broader scale, society consists of the people and institutions around us, our shared beliefs, and our cultural ideas. Typically, more-advanced societies also share a political authority. Sociologist Gerhard Lenski defined societies in terms of their technological sophistication.

27. Match List-I with List-II.

List-I (Books)List-II (Authors)
A. Social ChangeI. Neil J. Smelser
B. The Sociology of Economic LifeII. William J. Goode
C. The FamilyIII. Wilbert E. Moore
D. Social Stratification: The Forms and Functions of InequalityIV. Melvin Tumin
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 
Code:ABCD
(a)IIIIIIIV
(b)IIIIIIIV
(c)IIIIIIIV
(d)IVIIIIII
Correct Answer: (b)
Solution:
List-I (Books)List-II (Authors)
A. Social ChangeIII. Wilbert E. Moore
B. The Sociology of Economic LifeI. Neil J. Smelser
C. The FamilyII. William J. Goode
D. Social Stratification: The Forms and Functions of InequalityIV. Melvin Tumin

28. Distinct economic systems that are characterized by a specific set of relations of production combined with forms of productive forces is called:

Correct Answer: (c) Mode of production
Solution:Distinct economic systems that are characterized by a specific set of relations of production combined with forms of productive forces is called mode of production. Marx used the term mode of production to refer to the specific organization of economic production in a given society. A mode of production includes the means of production used by a given society, such as factories and other facilities, machines, and raw materials.

29. Wangala village in Mysore was studied by which scholar?

Correct Answer: (d) T.S. Epstein
Solution:Scarlett Epstein (1962) in his study of Economic Development and Change in Wangala and Delena, the two villages of Mysore, describes the contrasting responses in these villages to the development of an irrigation system by the state. Scarlett Epstein noted that, "The Mysore Village Panchayat and District Board Act 1952 revolutionised, at least in the legal sense, the composition, constitution, rights and duties of village panchayats. It introduced universal adult franchise and substituted elected for hereditary authority; it made every member of a panchayat a public servant." A.C. Mayer - Cast and Kinship in Central India : A Village and its Region,

30. The impact of industry on religion, according to Elton Mayo, is transformation from

Correct Answer: (c) An established to an adaptive society
Solution:The impact of industry on religion, according to Elton Mayo, is transformation from an established to an adaptive society. He argued that the industrial revolution had destroyed traditional society in which people responded to each other in terms of established routines. The breakdown in these traditional understandings had led to widespread conflict in industry and society. The traditions of old could not be re-established and therefore, the only solution must be to build and adaptive society in which an administrative elite, trained in social understandings and skills, would resolve human as well as technical problems.