NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam., June 2021 Sociology (Paper-II)

Total Questions: 100

41. Who among the following traced the evolution of citizenship in three key stages of Civil rights, Political rights and Social rights?

Correct Answer: (a) Gordon Marshall
Solution:T.H. Marshall (1950) defined citizenship as 'full membership of a community'. According to him, citizenship is constituted by three elements: civil, political and social.

42. Which of the following are included in structuralist semiotics?

A. Seeks to look behind or beneath the surface of the text to discover its underlying organization.
B. It explores the connotative meanings of the signs as realized in the codes and conventions.
C. It is primarily concerned with textual organization.

Choose the correct answer the options given below:

Correct Answer: (c) A, B and C
Solution:Traditional structural semiotics was primarily applied to textual analysis but it is misleading to identify contemporary semiotics with structuralism. The turn to social semiotics has been reflected in an increasing concern with the role of the reader. In either form, semiotics is invaluable if we wish to look beyond the manifest content of texts.

Structuralist semiotics seeks to look behind or beneath the surface of the observed in order to discover the underlying organization of phenomena. The more obvious the structural organization of a text or code may seem to be, the more difficult it may be to see beyond such surface features.

Searching for what is 'hidden' beneath the 'obvious' can lead to fruitful insights. Semiotics is also well adapted to exploring connotative meanings. Social semiotics alerts us to how the same text may generate different meanings for different readers.

43. Who has first proposed "Semiology" as a scientific study of signs in society?

Correct Answer: (b) Ferdinand de Saussure
Solution:Semiotics, also called semiology, the study of signs and sign-using behaviour. It was defined by one of its founders, the Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, as the study of "the life of signs within society."

44. Which one of the following environmentalists got the Nobel Prize for peace in 2004 for contribution to Sustainable Development, Democracy and Peace?

Correct Answer: (d) Wangari Mathai
Solution:The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to award the Nobel Peace Prize for 2004 to Wangari Mathai for her contribution to Sustainable Development, Democracy and Peace. Peace on earth depends on our ability to secure our living environment. Mathai stood up courageously against the former oppressive regime in Kenya.

45. Clifford Geertz's framework of Symbolic Anthropology accepts which of the following?

A. Conception of culture in the non-semiotic form.
B. Prime attention to the role of symbols in constructing the public meaning.
C. Analysis of culture is on an experimental basis.
D. Symbolic forms by which men communicate, perpetuate and develop their knowledge about and attitudes towards life.
E. Role of anthropologists to interpret the guiding symbols of each culture.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (c) B, D and E only
Solution:Geertz became a "champion of symbolic anthropology", which gives prime attention to the role of thought of "symbols" in society. Symbols guide action. Culture, according to Geertz, is "a system of inherited conceptions expressed in symbolic forms by means of which men communicate, perpetuate, and develop their knowledge about and attitudes toward life." The function of culture is to impose meaning on the world and make it understandable. The role of anthropologists is to try (though complete success is not possible) to interpret the guiding symbols of each culture.

46. Count Joseph Arthur de Gobineau is well known for his work on which of the following?

Correct Answer: (d) Racism
Solution:Joseph Arthur de Gobineau (14 July 1816-13 October, 1882), French diplomat, writer, ethnologist, and social thinker whose theory of racial determinism had an enormous influence upon the subsequent development of racist theories and practices in western Europe.

47. Arrange the following activities in sequence as per their occurrence during a year

A. World Forestry day
B. World Heritage day
C. World Environment day
D. World Ozone day
E. World Population day

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (a) A, B, C, E, D
Solution:Systematic chronology of the occurrence of activities -
(A) World Forestry day (21 March, 1971)
(B) World Heritage day (18 April, 1972)
(C) World Environment day (5 June, 1972)
(E) World Population day (11 July, 1989)
(D) World Ozone day (16 September, 1995)

48. Who gave the concept of plastic sexuality?

Correct Answer: (a) Anthony Giddens
Solution:The concept of plastic sexuality is developed theoretically by Anthony Giddens (1993). "Plastic" refers to the malleability of erotic expression, in terms of both individual choice and frameworks of social norms. Plastic sexuality is that which can be shaped according to individual erotic needs and wants.

49. Which of the following characteristics of the caste system were NOT emphasized by G.S. Ghurye ?

A. Segmental division
B. Hierarchy
C. Open system
D. Achieved
E. Pollution and purity

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (d) C and D only
Solution:Open system and achieved characteristics of the caste system were not emphasized by G.S. Ghurye. Ghurye explains caste in India based on six distinctive characteristics:-
• Segmental division of society.
• Hierarchy. • Civil and religious disabilities and privileges.
• Lack of unrestricted choice of occupation.
• Restriction of food, drinks and social intercourse.
• Endogamy

50. Who is the author of the book "Human Ecology'?

Correct Answer: (a) Hawley
Solution:Amos Hawley is the author of the book 'Human Ecology'. Hawley wrote that humans will modify their behavior patterns to fit with changes in their biophysical environment. Through this adaption human groups can either evolve or expand into complex societies.

Books - Author
Human Ecology : Basic Concepts for Sustainable Development - Gerald G. Marten
Understanding Human Ecology : Knowledge Ethics & Politics - Geetha Devi
Human Ecology : How Nature and Culture Shape Our World - Frederick Steiner