NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam., June 2021 Sociology (Paper-II)

Total Questions: 100

81. Who among the following considered personto-person relations and actually existing relations as constituting the social structure?

Correct Answer: (a) A.R. Redcliffe Brown
Solution:A.R. Redcliffe Brown considered person-toperson relations and actually existing relations as constituting the social structure. Radcliffe-Brown defined social structure empirically as patterned, or "normal", social relations (those aspects of social activities that confirm to accepted social rules or norms). These rules bind society's members to socially useful activities.

82. Which of the following are the four institutional imperatives, according to Robert K. Merton?

A. Universalism
B. Particularism
C. Communism
D. Disinterestedness
E. Organized scepticism

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (c) A, C, D and E only
Solution:Mertonian norms are the four norms of good scientific research. These norms are Universalism, Communism, disinterestedness and organized scepticism.

Universalism is the idea that everyone can do science, regardless of race, nationality gender on any other differences, and that everyone's scientific claims should be scrutinized equally.

In science, it's all about your arguments, line of evidence and methodology, regardless of who you are;

Communism addresses common ownership of scientific discoveries and the need for scientists to publicly share their discoveries.

Disinterestedness express the idea that scientists should work only for benefit of science;

Organized scepticism expresses the idea that the acceptance of all scientific work should by conditional on assessments of its scientific contribution, objectivity and rigor.

83. Power commands:

A. Obedience
B. Popularization
C. Submission

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (a) A and C only
Solution:Power commands obedience and submission. Obedience is following orders, commands or instructions. Obedience does not guarantee a person's willingness to comply with orders. Submission is yielding to power or authority.

84. Arrange the Varna Ashrams of the Hindu way of life in the correct sequence

A. Grihastha Ashram
B. Sanyas Ashram
C. Brahmacharya Ashram
D. Vanaprastha Ashram

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

Correct Answer: (c) C, A, D, B
Solution:Ashrama, in Hinduism, any of the four stages of life through which a Hindu ideally will pass. The four Ashrams are: Brahmachary (student), Grihastha (householder), Vanaprastha (forest walker) and Sannyasa (renunciate). The Ashrama System is one facet of the Dharma concept in Hinduism.

85. In which one of the following approaches, sexual division of labour was taken for granted and as natural?

Correct Answer: (d) Women in Development (WID)
Solution:In Women in Development (WID) approaches, sexual division of labour was taken for granted and as natural. The sexual division of labour is the delegation of different tasks between males and females. Among human foragers, males and females target different types of foods and share them with each other for a mutual of familial benefit.
WID - Focus on exclusion of women from the development process. So the goal of this approach is to (i) Integrate women into the development process, (ii) Equitable and sustainable development, Empower women and transform unequal relations.
WAD - Advocate interventions on economic, political and social structure so as to insure equality between men and women.
GAD - Focus on equitable, sustainable development with men and women sharing decision making power.

86. Depletion of the ozone layer in the stratosphere is responsible for:

Correct Answer: (d) Skin cancer
Solution:Ozone layer depletion increases the amount of UVB that reaches the Earth's surface. Laboratory and epidemiological studies demonstrate that UVB causes non-melanoma skin cancer and plays a major role in maligant melanoma development.

87. Which of the following are true about the sociology of consumption?

A. Focus on material culture
B. Focus on mass culture
C. New approach to the analysis of equality and political power
D. Largely emerging from capitalist societies
E. New approach to the analysis of inequality and political alignments

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (b) A, B, D and E only
Solution:Focus on material culture and mass culture, largely emerging from capitalist societies and new approach to the analysis of inequality and political alignments are true about the sociology of consumption.

The sociology of consumption is about for more than a simple act of purchase. It includes the range of emotions, values, values, thoughts, identities, and behaviors that circulate the purchase of goods and services, and how we use them by ourselves and with others.

88. Which two of the following are the cleanest cities of India, as per the Government of India Survey of 2020?

A. Chandigarh
B. Indore
C. Navi Mumbai
D. Surat

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (d) B and D only
Solution:Indore and Surat are the cleanest cities of India, as per the government of India survey of 2020. Madhya Pradesh's Indore has been ranked India's cleanest city for the fourth consecutive year by Swachh Survekshan 2020, the central government's annual cleanliness survey to promote sanitation in urban centres under the Swachh Bharat Mission.

89. Which one of the following is a suspicion of outsiders combined with a tendency to evaluate the culture of others in terms of one's own culture?

Correct Answer: (b) Ethnocentrism
Solution:Ethnocentrism is the tendency to evaluate other's cultures by one's own culture norms and values. It also includes a suspicion of outsiders. Most cultures have their ethnocentric tendencies, which usually involve stereotypical thinking.

90. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.

Assertion A: Eradicating poverty in all its forms including extreme poverty is the greatest global challenge.
Reason R: It is an indispensable requirement for sustainable development.

In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.

Correct Answer: (c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Solution:The 2030 Agenda acknowledges that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development.