NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam, June 2023 (Anthropology)

Total Questions: 100

91. Read the passage and answer the question below.

Vaccination programs in developing countries especially as promoted by UNICEF, are introduced with much fanfare. But they sometime met with little enthusiasm by the target population. In India many people are suspicious that vaccination programs are clandestine family planning programs (Nichter 1996). In other instances, fear of foreign vaccine prompts people to reject inoculation. Overall, the acceptance rates of vaccination are lower than Western public health planners expected.

To understand why people reject inoculations, medical anthropologists conducted surveys in several countries. The result revealed that many parents have a partial or inaccurate understanding of what the vaccines protect against. Some people did not understand the importance of multiple vaccinations. Public health promoters incorporated findings from survey in two ways: 1. Educational campaigns for the public that addressed its concerns. 2. Education for the public health specialists about the importance of understanding and paying attention to local cultural practices and beliefs.

Why do many Indians become suspicious about the vaccination programs?

Correct Answer: A. The hidden motive of vaccination program is family planning.
Solution:Many Indians become suspicious about vaccination programs because they believe the hidden motive of the program is family planning. This suspicion arises from historical instances where public health interventions were covertly linked to sterilization campaigns, leading to a distrust in foreign medical interventions. The fear is that these programs might aim to reduce population growth under the guise of disease prevention.

92. Who among the following conducted survey in several countries to figure out the reason behind the rejection of inoculations?

Correct Answer: D. Medical Anthropologist
Solution:Medical anthropologists conducted surveys in several countries to understand why people reject inoculations. Their expertise in studying cultural beliefs and practices related to health allowed them to uncover the underlying reasons for vaccine hesitancy.

The findings revealed that parents often have partial or inaccurate knowledge about vaccines and the importance of multiple doses. By understanding these cultural and educational gaps, medical anthropologists helped shape more effective public health strategies.

93. Figure out the appropriate finding incorporated by the health promoters:

Correct Answer: A. Educational campaigns
Solution:The appropriate finding incorporated by health promoters was educational campaigns. These campaigns aimed to address public concerns and misconceptions about vaccines, providing clear and accurate information to improve understanding and acceptance. By targeting specific cultural beliefs and misinformation, these campaigns helped build trust and increase vaccination rates.

94. Why do more often people reject inoculations?.

Correct Answer: A. Fear of foreign vaccine
Solution:More often, people reject inoculations due to fear of foreign vaccines. This fear stems from a mistrust of external medical interventions, compounded by past experiences and misinformation.

The apprehension about foreign vaccines being harmful or having hidden agendas contributes significantly to vaccine hesitancy. Although fears of multiple vaccinations, side effects, and sterility also exist, the passage emphasizes the fear of foreign vaccines as a major reason for rejection.

95. Which of the following organization has promoted vaccine programme in developing countries?

Correct Answer: B. UNICEF
Solution:UNICEF has promoted vaccine programs in developing countries. The United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) focuses on child health and welfare, including immunization campaigns to prevent infectious diseases.

Their efforts include providing vaccines, educating communities, and supporting health infrastructure to ensure widespread immunization coverage.

96. Read the passage and answer the question below.

Excavations at the Neolithic settlement of Jericho revealed the remains of a sizable farming community inhabited as early as 10,350 years ago. Here in the Jordan River valley, crops could be grown almost continuously due to the presence of a bounteous spring and the rich soil of an Ice Age lake that had dried up some 3,000 years earlier. In addition, flood-borne deposits originating in the Judean highlands to the west regularly renewed the fertility of the soil.

To protect against these floods and associated mud flows, as well as invaders, the people of Jericho built massive wall of stone surrounding their settlement. Within these walls, which were 2 meters wide and 4 meters high and behind a large rock cut ditch, which was 8 meters wide and 2¾ meters deep, an estimated 400 to 900 4 people lived in house of mud brick with plastered floors. A stone tower that would have taken a hundred people over a hundred days to build was located inside one corner of the wall. A staircase inside it probably led to a mud-brick building on top.

This massive wall- near mud-brick storage facilities as well as peculiar structures of possible ceremonial significance - provides evidence of social changes in these early farming communities. A village cemetery reflected the sedentary life of these early people. Close contact between the farmers of Jericho and other village is indicated by common features in art, ritual, use of prestige goods, and burial practices. Other evidence consists of obsidian and turquoise beads from Sinai as well as marine shells from the coast, all discovered inside the walls of Jericho.

The sedentary life of Jericho was inferred by the evidence of:

Correct Answer: A. A Village cemetery
Solution:The sedentary life of Jericho was inferred by the evidence of a village cemetery. The presence of a cemetery indicates a settled, long-term community with established burial practices. This sedentary lifestyle is further supported by the construction of permanent structures such as houses of mud brick with plastered floors and defensive walls.

The rock-cut ditch, stone tower, and staircase are significant architectural features, but the cemetery specifically highlights the permanence and stability of the population at Jericho. These burial practices reflect the community's investment in their settlement and their connection to the land.

97. How many Man-days were spent to built the stone Tower at Jericho?

Correct Answer: B. Hundred people over hundred days
Solution:The stone tower at Jericho was built by an estimated hundred people over a hundred days. This calculation underscores the laborintensive nature of the construction and the community's organizational capabilities.

The tower, part of the larger defensive and flood protection system, demonstrates the advanced engineering and social coordination of the Neolithic inhabitants. The other options, such as four hundred people in a hundred days or nine hundred people in ten days, do not align with the detailed description of the construction effort provided in the passage.

98. Where the Jericho site is located?

Correct Answer: C. A dried-up Ice Age Lake
Solution:The Jericho site is located in a dried-up Ice Age lake. This location provided rich, fertile soil for continuous crop cultivation, supported by a bounteous spring and floodborne deposits from the Judean highlands.

The strategic positioning of Jericho allowed for the development of a sizable farming community with sufficient resources to sustain a large population.

99. The inhabitants of Jericho lived in:

Correct Answer: C. Houses built of mud bricks with plastered floors
Solution:The inhabitants of Jericho lived in houses built of mud bricks with plastered floors. These structures indicate a level of architectural sophistication and permanence, reflecting the community's settled lifestyle. The use of durable materials like mud bricks and plastered floors provided stability and comfort for the residents.

100. Who were the early settlers of Jericho?

Correct Answer: D. Farming community
Solution:The early settlers of Jericho were a farming community. The passage describes the cultivation of crops in the fertile soil of the Jordan River valley, supported by a bounteous spring and flood-borne deposits. The development of agricultural practices allowed for a sedentary lifestyle and the growth of a sizable population.