NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam, June 2023 (Anthropology)

Total Questions: 100

71. Which of the following is the most common economic transactions involved in marriage in some tribal cultures?

A. Bride Service
B. Dowry
C. Gift exchange
D. Bride wealth

Correct Answer: D. Bride wealth

Solution:Bride wealth is the most common economic transaction involved in marriage in some tribal cultures. This practice involves the groom or his family providing goods, money, or livestock to the bride's family as compensation for the loss of her labor and companionship.

Bride wealth serves to legitimize the marriage and establish reciprocal ties between the two families. Bride service, dowry, and gift exchange also occur in various cultures, but bride wealth is particularly significant in many tribal societies.

72. Match List-I with List-II

LIST-I (Site)	LIST-II (Culture)
(a) Star Carr	I. Mesolithic
(b) Torralba	II. Mousterian
(c) La Ferrassie	III. Magdalenian
(d) Lascaux	IV. Acheulian

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: A.

Solution:The matching pairs are:
• Star Carr is associated with the Mesolithic culture. This site in England is one of the most important Mesolithic sites in Europe, known for its well-preserved organic materials.
• Torralba is linked to the Acheulian culture. Located in Spain, it is famous for its large collection of Acheulian hand axes.
• La Ferrassie is associated with the Mousterian culture. This site in France is known for Neanderthal remains and Mousterian tools.
• Lascaux is linked to the Magdalenian culture. Famous for its Paleolithic cave paintings, Lascaux is a significant Upper Paleolithic site in France. These matches align the sites with their respective cultural periods accurately.

Hence, the correct answer is option (A).

73. According to Julian Steward. Cultural Ecology must be separated from:

A. Political Ecology
B. Sociobiology
D. Behavioural Ecology
C. Biological Ecology

Correct Answer: C. Biological Ecology

Solution:According to Julian Steward, Cultural Ecology must be separated from Biological Ecology. Steward argued that while cultural ecology examines the ways in which human cultures adapt to their environments, it should be distinguished from biological ecology, which focuses on the relationships between living organisms and their physical environments.

Cultural ecology emphasizes the role of cultural practices, technologies, and social organizations in human adaptation, whereas biological ecology deals with ecological processes and interactions at the biological level. Political ecology, sociobiology, and behavioral ecology are related fields but not the focus of Steward's separation.

74. Which of the following cultures were seen at Inamgaon?

(a) Ahar
(b) Malwa
(c) Jorwe
(d) Kayatha
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A. (a), (b) and (d) only
B. (a) and (b) only
C. (b) and (c) only
D. (c) and (d) only

Correct Answer: C. (b) and (c) only

Solution:The cultures seen at Inamgaon include Malwa and Jorwe. Inamgaon, a significant archaeological site in Maharashtra, India, provides evidence of settlements belonging to the Malwa and Jorwe cultures.

These cultures are part of the Chalcolithic peried, characterized by the use of copper and stone tools, distinct pottery styles, and agricultural practices.

75. Match List-I with List-II

LIST-I (Site)	LIST-II (Features)
(a) Hunsgi	I. Microliths
(b) Nevasa	II. Pit Dwellings
(c) Bagor	III. Flake Tools
(d) Burzahom	IV. Hand axe

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: C.

Solution:The matching pairs are:
• Hunsgi is associated with Hand axes. This site in Karnataka, India, is known for its Lower Paleolithic artifacts, including hand axes.
• Nevasa is linked to Flake tools. Located in Maharashtra, India, Nevasa is a significant archaeological site for understanding the Stone Age, particularly the use of flake tools.
• Bagor is associated with Microliths. This Mesolithic site in Rajasthan, India, is notable for its microlithic tools.
• Burzahom is linked to Pit dwellings. Located in Jammu and Kashmir, India, Burzahom is known for its unique pit dwellings and Neolithic artifacts. Hence, the correct answer is option (C).

76. Who coined the term 'ethnoarchaeologist"?

А. B. Orme
B. R. Gould
C. J. Fewkes
D. L. Binford

Correct Answer: C. J. Fewkes

Solution:The term 'ethnoarchaeologist' was coined by J. Fewkes. Ethnoarchaeology involves studying contemporary cultures to draw parallels and gain insights into past human behaviours and material culture.

Fewkes' work laid the foundation for this interdisciplinary approach, which combines ethnographic and archaeological methods to understand how living cultures use and discard material objects, providing analogies for interpreting archaeological findings. B. Orme, R.Gould, and L. Binford also made significant contributions to ethnoarchaeology but did not coin the term.

77. Which of the following characteristics is not correct for Gibbons and Siamangs?

A. Found in Southeast Asia and Malay
B. Mature males have silvery grey upper back
C. Slim bodies and disproportionately long arms and short legs
D. They are true brachiators

Correct Answer: B. Mature males have silvery grey upper back

Solution:The statement that mature males have a silvery grey upper back is not correct for Gibbons and Siamangs. Gibbons and Siamangs, found in Southeast Asia and Malay, are true brachiators with slim bodies and disproportionately long arms and short legs, adapted for swinging through trees.

However, the description of mature males having a silvery grey upper back is more characteristic of gorillas, not gibbons or siamangs. Therefore, the incorrect characteristic is the description of mature males' coloration.

78. Given below are two statements:

Statement I: Human ancestral hominins were feeders from a range of trophic levels in the food chain.

Statement II: With agriculture, the diversity of diets declined dramatically for most population, leading eventually to most groups subsisting on a very small range of plant and animal species.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

A. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
B. Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
C. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
D. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

Correct Answer: A. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct

Solution:Human ancestral hominins were feeders from a range of trophic levels in the food chain, utilizing diverse food sources, including plants, animals, and insects. This varied diet allowed them to adapt to different environments and ecological niches.

With the advent of agriculture, the diversity of diets declined for most populations, as they began to rely on a smaller range of domesticated plant and animal species. This shift led to a more monotonous diet and increased vulnerability to crop failures and nutritional deficiencies. The statements accurately reflect these dietary changes over time.

79. Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): The Out of Africa Model suggests that modern humans evolved in Africa.

Reason (R): Widely dispersed populations of Homo erectus exhibited regional anatomical variation.

In the light of the above statements. Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
B. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
C. (A) is true but (R) is false
D. (A) is false but (R) is true

Correct Answer: B. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

Solution:Both the assertion (A) that the Out of Africa Model suggests that modern humans evolved in Africa, and the reason (R) that widely dispersed populations of Homo erectus exhibited regional anatomical variation, are true. However, (R) is not the direct explanation of (A).

The Out of Africa Model posits that modern Homo sapiens originated in Africa and then dispersed to other parts of the world, replacing local hominin populations. The regional anatomical variation observed in Homo erectus supports the idea of diverse evolutionary paths, but it does not directly explain the Out of Africa hypothesis. Therefore, both statements are true, but (R) does not explain (А).