NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam, June 2023 (Anthropology)

Total Questions: 100

81. Nutritional Anthropology is the study of human subsistence, diet and nutrition from the:

(a) Comparative perspective
(b) Ecological perspective
(c) Somatoscopic perspective
(d) Cultural perspective
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: B. (a), (b) and (d) only
Solution:Nutritional Anthropology is the study of human subsistence, diet, and nutrition from the comparative perspective, ecological perspective, and cultural perspective. This field examines how different societies procure and consume food, how nutritional practices are influenced by cultural beliefs, and how environmental factors impact food availability and dietary patterns.

The comparative perspective allows for the analysis of dietary practices across different cultures, the ecological perspective considers the relationship between humans and their environment, and the cultural perspective explores the social and cultural factors that shape dietary habits. The somatoscopic perspective, which focuses on the physical observation of the body, is not typically associated with Nutritional Anthropology.

82. Examples of 'total institution' are:

(a) School
(b) Marriage
(c) Prison
(d) Monastery
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: D. (c) and (d) only
Solution:Examples of 'total institutions' include prisons and monasteries. A total institution, as described by sociologist Erving Goffman, is an organization where individuals are isolated from the wider society and their daily lives are controlled by the institution.

Prisons and monasteries fit this definition as they have strict regulations, a distinct separation from the outside world, and a significant control over the lives of their inhabitants.

83. Who authored the book 'Abnormal Hemoglobin in Human Population'?

Correct Answer: A. Frank B. Livingstone and Jonathan Marks
Solution:Frank B. Livingstone and Jonathan Marks authored the book "Abnormal Hemoglobin in Human Populations." This book examines the distribution and genetics of abnormal hemoglobin variants, such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia, and their implications for human populations.

84. Match List-I with List-II

LIST-ILIST-II
(a) Dian FosseyI. Ring-tailed Lemurs
(b) Jane GoodallII. Hanuman Langurs
(c) Michells SautherIII. Chimpanzee
(d) Sarah Blaffer HrdyIV. Gorillas

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: B.
Solution:The matching pairs are:
• Dian Fossey studied gorillas. Her work in Rwanda significantly contributed to the understanding and conservation of mountain gorillas.
• Jane Goodall studied chimpanzees. Her long-term research at Gombe Stream National Park provided groundbreaking insights into the behavior and social structure of chimpanzees.
• Michelle Sauther studied ring-tailed lemurs. Her research has focused on the behavior, ecology, and conservation of these primates in Madagascar.
• Sarah Blaffer Hrdy studied Hanuman langurs. She explored the evolutionary and social aspects of infanticide and female behaviour in these primates.

Hence, the correct answer is option (B).

85. Arrange the following fossils in ascending order in terms of the year in which the first fossil was discovered

(a) Neanderthal
(b) Pithecanthropus
(c) Australopithecus
(d) Cro-Magnon
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: A. (a), (d), (b), (c)
Solution:Arranging the fossils in ascending order based on the year of their first discovery:
• Neanderthal First discovered in 1856 in the Neander Valley, Germany.
• Cro-Magnon Discovered in 1868 in France.
• Pithecanthropus (now known as Homo erectus): Discovered in 1891 in Java, Indonesia.
• Australopithecus First discovered in 1924 in South Africa.
Hence, correct ascending order is (a), (d), (b), (c).

86. Which of the following characteristic are true of G6PD deficiency?

(a) It is prevalent more among males
(b) This deficiency disease is also called 'Favism
(c) The inheritance pattern is X-linked dominant
(d) It causes haemolytic anemia
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: C. (a), (b) and (d) only
Solution:The characteristics true of G6PD deficiency include:
• It is more prevalent among males
• It is also called Favism'
• It causes hemolytic anemia

G6PD deficiency is a genetic disorder affecting the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which is crucial for protecting red blood cells from oxidative damage.

Hence, correct options are (a), (b) and (d).

87. The half-life of Carbon-14 dating is:

Correct Answer: A. 5730 ± 40 years
Solution:The half-life of Carbon-14 (C-14) dating is 5730 ± 40 years. Carbon-14 dating, also known as radiocarbon dating, is a method used to determine the age of organic materials by measuring the decay of the radioactive isotope Carbon-14.

The half-life of 5730 years means that half of the Carbon-14 in a sample will decay in this period, providing a basis for calculating the sample's age. The given options with different half-life values are incorrect, making 5730 ± 40 years the accurate halflife for C-14 dating.

88. Arrange the distribution of habitats of the following tribes from Southern to Northern part of India:

(a) Bharia
(b) Bakerwals
(c) Chenchus
(d) Cholanaikan
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: C. (d), (c), (a), (b)
Solution:Arranging the distribution of habitats of the tribes from southern to northern parts of India:
• Cholanaikan found in Kerala, in the southernmost part of India.
• Chenchus primarily found in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, also in the southern region of India.
• Bharia inhabits parts of Madhya Pradesh, which is centrally located in India.
• Bakerwals a pastoral nomadic tribe found in Jammu and Kashmir, in the northernmost part of India.

Hence, correct sequence is (d), (c), (a), (b).

89. Who among the following defined egalitarian society as a society containing as many positions of prestige as there are members?

Correct Answer: C. Morton Fried
Solution:Morton Fried defined an egalitarian society as a society containing as many positions of prestige as there are members. In an egalitarian society, social equality is emphasized, and no individual has more access to resources or power than others.

Prestige and status are often achieved based on personal qualities or achievements rather than hereditary or economic factors. Emile Durkheim, Marshall Sahlins, and Ralph Linton also studied social structures, but it was Fried who specifically articulated this definition of an egalitarian society.

90. Which of the following level of change occurred during the process of westernization?

(a) Institution
(b) Ideology
(c) Value
(d) Social Structure
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: A. (a), (b) and (c) only
Solution:The levels of change that occurred during the process of westernization include changes in institutions, ideology, and values. Westernization refers to the adoption of Western cultural elements, such as democratic institutions, individualistic ideologies, and modern values, often at the expense of traditional practices. This process can lead to significant transformations in social, political, and economic structures.

While social structure is also affected, the primary focus of westernization is on changes in institutions, ideologies, and values, making these the correct levels of change.

Hence, correct options are (a), (b) and (c).