NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam, June, 2023 Geography

• Fredrich Ratzel (1844-1904) of Germany applies the Charles Darwin's idea of 'survival for the fittest' in purview of state. He gave the concept of 'Lebensraum' which means living space. i.e, A territory needs adjacent territories & human capital to grow & for its sustenance
• Friedrich Ratzel publishes his book "Polistche Geographie" in 1897 & in 1901 he extended his thesis in his essay entitled 'Lebensraum'

John freedman is his core periphery model enunciates the 4 stages in evolution of space economy that are
(1) Pre industrial stage [Rural character dispersed centre of production]
(2) Transition stage [Peripheries functions as raw material provider for core]
(3) Industrial stage [Innovation in science technology & development of industries]
(4) Post industrial stage in
• Unequal society basically an egalitarian one
• Decline in intra-regional inequality

Montreal protocol (1987)- International treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substance that are responsible for ozone depletion.
Earth summit (1992)- Also called as united Nations conference on environment & Development (UNCED) held in Rio-de-janeiro its aim is to bring nations together on the topic of environment protection
World summit on sustainable development (2001)- Organized by The Energy & Resource Institute (TERI). Its recent meet 22nd held in New Delhi which focuses on umbrella theme: mainstreaming sustainable development & climate resilient for collective active.
COP (21)- Also called as UNCCC (2015) Major development- 'Paris Agreement' a legal binding on signatories government to hold the increase of global avg. temperature below 2°C above pre industrial level.

Aurora Australis also called as southern lights occurs on southern poles. It occurs due to collision of solar flares (sun's coronal mass ejection) with the earth's magnetosphere which concentrates solar photons on polar atmosphere and atmospheric molecule of polar atmosphere interacts with them and form Auroras. The atoms & molecules of polar atmosphere got excited & light up.

Highest No. of schedule caste population is in Satluj Ganga plain is correct statement & its proof is given in Question Number 18 explanation. While, Christians are most numerous in kerala i.e, 6, 141, 269 person according to 2011 census. So, both the options are correct.

Bay of fundy is located in Canada & it is famous for experiencing world highest tides, other features like shoreline cliffs & a fossil record of complete 300 years make it part of UNESCO world Heritage site.

Pearson product moment correlation method is a parametric test rely on the assumption that the data you are testing resembles a particular distribution (often a normal or bell shaped distribution) while Nonparametric tests often referred to as distribution free test.
So option A is correct & B is wrong. While, Pearson correlation method is also called as covariance of two variable. So, option C is correct & option D is wrong because it used to measure continuous variables only like in (Interval & Ratio scale)