NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam, June 2024 (Anthropology)

Total Questions: 100

11. Sequence following steps in the FISH technique in the correct order:

A. Denaturation of DNA
B. Hybridization of probe to target DNA
C. Fixation of cells on a slide
D. Detection of signal using a fluorescence microscopе
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. D, C, B, A
2. A, B, C, D
3. C, A, B, D
4. B, C, A, D

Correct Answer: 3. C, A, B, D

Solution:The FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization) technique follows a specific sequence:
1. Fixation of cells on a slide to preserve cell structure (C).
2. Denaturation of DNA to make it singlestranded (А).
3. Hybridization of fluorescent probes to the target DNA (B).
4. Detection of signal under a fluorescence microscope (D).
This order ensures accurate probe binding and visualization.

12. Which of the following is responsible for skin pigmentations?

1. Melanin
2. Keratin
3. Sebum
4. Dermicidin

Correct Answer: 1. Melanin

Solution:Melanin is the pigment primarily responsible for skin pigmentation in humans. It is produced by melanocytes, located in the basal layer of the epidermis.

There are two main types: eumelanin (brown to black) and pheomelanin (red to yellow).

Melanin also provides protection against ultraviolet (UV) radiation by absorbing harmful rays.

The amount and type of melanin vary among individuals and determine skin color.

13. Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

LIST-I (Place)	LIST-II (Fossil)
A. Trinil	I. Neanderthal skeleton
B. Taung	II. Sinanthropus pekinensis
C. La Chapelle-aux-Saints	III. Australopithecus africanus
D. Zhoukoudian	IV. Pithecanthropus erectus

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
2. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
3. A-I, B-IV, C-II, D-III
4. A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV

Correct Answer: 1. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II

Solution:The correct match is:
• Trinil (A) is the site where Pithecanthropus erectus (Java Man) was found (IV).
• Taung (B) is linked to Australopithecus africanus, the famous Taung child fossil (III). La Chapelle-aux-Saints (C) yielded a classic Neanderthal skeleton (I).
• Zhoukoudian (D) is associated with Sinanthropus pekinensis (Peking Man) (II).

14. Arrange the following genome projects in chronological order from earliest to latest:

A. 1000 Genome Project
В. НарМаp Project
C. Human Genome Project
D. GenomeIndia Project
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. C, D, B, A
2. B, D, C, А
3. В, C, D, A
4. C, B, A, D

Correct Answer: 4. C, B, A, D

Solution:The correct chronological order is:
• Human Genome Project (C) began in 1990 and completed in 2003.
• HapMap Project (B) started in 2002 to map genetic variations.
1000 Genomes Project (A) launched in 2008 to explore human genetic diversity.
• GenomeIndia Project (D) began in 2020, focusing on Indian populations.

15. Focus Group method grew out of:

A. Key Informant Interview
B. Therapeutic Research
C. Case Study Method
D. Marketing Research
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. А, В and D only
2. В, С and D only
3. B and D only
4. A and C only

Correct Answer: 3. B and D only

Solution:B and D only
• The Focus Group method originated from therapeutic research and marketing research.
• It was used to study psychological responses in therapy and later applied to product testing.
• This method gathers qualitative data through group discussions on specific topics. It is now widely used in social sciences, healthcare, and consumer research.

16. An Acheulean living floor was exposed at Gulbarga in Karnataka was found by:

1. H.D. Sankalia
2. V.N. Misra
3. R.V. Joski
4. K. Paddaiah

Correct Answer: 4. K. Paddaiah

Solution:The Acheulean living floor at Gulbarga in Karnataka was discovered by K. Paddaiah. This site revealed important Lower Palaeolithic tools, especially handaxes and cleavers. It is one of the key sites for understanding early human occupation in South India. The findings provide evidence of early hominin activities in open-air contexts.

17. Which of the following is true for models of human origin?

A. Multiregional and Candelabra models are identical to each other
B. Replacement and Candelabra models are identical to each other
C. In multiregional model, the evolution also includes gene flow between populations
D. In multiregional model, the main lines of ancestry are not within each major region of the Old World
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A and D only
2. B only
3. C only
4. B and D only

Correct Answer: 3. C only

Solution:The Multiregional model of human origin proposes continuous evolution in different regions with gene flow between populations. This gene flow prevented speciation and allowed parallel evolution into modern humans. The Candelabra model, by contrast, denies gene flow, making it distinct.

Therefore, only statement C is correct, highlighting gene flow in the multiregional model.

18. Which species of malaria parasite uses the Duffy antigen as a receptor to invade red blood cells?

1. Plasmodium ovale
2. Plasmodium vivax
3. Plasmodium malariae
4. Plasmodium falciparum

Correct Answer: 2. Plasmodium vivax

Solution:Plasmodium vivax invades red blood cells by binding to the Duffy antigen (DARC) on their surface. Individuals who are Duffy-negative are naturally resistant to P. vivax infection.

This has been observed in high frequency among populations in West and Central Africa.

Duffy antigen is a crucial factor in the parasite's life cycle and host specificity.

19. Which of the following statements are true with respect to westernization?

A. Westernization promotes materilism
B. Westernization promotes caste consciousness
C. Westernization promotes national consciousness
D. Westernization retards sanskritization
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A and C only
2. B and D only
3. C and D only
4. A and B only

Correct Answer: 1. A and C only

Solution:A and C only
• Westernization leads to increased materialism through the adoption of Western lifestyles and values (A).
• It also encourages national consciousness by introducing democratic and secular ideas (C).
• It does not promote caste consciousness (B) and may actually reduce it.
• Westernization and Sanskritization operate differently and independently.

20. The distinction between Unilinear, Multilinear and Universal evolution was first proposed by:

1. Julian Steward
2. Leslie White
3. Elman Service
4. Gordon Childe

Correct Answer: 1. Julian Steward

Solution:Julian Steward first proposed the distinction between Unilinear, Multilinear, and Universal evolution. He rejected unilinear evolution and introduced Multilinear evolution as a cultural adaptation to different environments. Hе emphasized ecological and technological factors in cultural change. Steward's work laid the foundation for cultural ecology.