NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam, June 2024 (Anthropology)

Total Questions: 100

61. The 'Molecular Clock' concept was given by:

1. Landsteiner and Weiner
2. Sarich and Wilson
3. Weiner and Laurie
4. Levine and Stetson

Correct Answer: 2. Sarich and Wilson

Solution:The Molecular Clock concept was introduced by Vincent Sarich and Allan Wilson in the 1960s. It proposes that genetic mutations accumulate at a relatively constant rate, allowing estimation of divergence times between species. Their molecular clock analysis was key in revising the human-ape split to about 5 million years ago, much later than previously thought.

62. Which of the following statements about primate social behaviour is/are correct?

A. Female philopatry is a primate social system in which females remain and breed in the group of their birth, whereas males emigrate
B. Female philopatry is a primate social system in which males remain in the group of their birth, whereas females emigrate
C. Dominance is once a male enters a new group, a male must compete directly with the resident males over the group's females
D. Males are the only dominant sex in all primate species
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A and C only
2. C and D only
3. B and D only
4. B and C only

Correct Answer: 1. A and C only

Solution:• Female philopatry means females stay in their birth group, while males emigrate to other groups (A).
• Male competition for dominance upon entering a new group, especially over females, is common in many primate species (C).
• Statement B describes male philopatry, not female.
• Statement D is incorrect; in many species (e.g., bonobos), females can also be dominant.

63. Miasma Theory says that the disease was transmitted by a:

1. Bad air or cloud, that clung low on the surface of the earth.
2. Bad Touch of other persons in the neighbourhood
3. Contaminated water
4. Poor quality of unhygienic food consumed unknowingly

Correct Answer: 1. Bad air or cloud, that clung low on the surface of the earth.

Solution:The Miasma Theory held that diseases were caused by "bad air", especially from decaying matter or swamps.

This theory was dominant until the germ theory of disease gained acceptance in the late 19th century.

Miasma was thought to cause epidemics like cholera and plague before microbial understanding developed.

64. Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

LIST-I (Author)	LIST-II (Reflexive Ethnographic Work)
A. James Clifford	I. Deadly Words: Witchcraft in the Bocage
B. Vincent Crapanzano	II. On Ethnographic Authority
C. Paul Rabinow	III. Tuhani Portrait of a Moroccan
D. Jeanne Favret-Saada	IV. Fieldwork and Friendship in Morocco

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III
2. A-I, B-IV, C-III, D-II
3. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
4. A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV

Correct Answer: 3. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I

Solution:• James Clifford - On Ethnographic Authority (A-II), critiques representation in ethnography.

• Vincent Crapanzano - Tuhami: Portrait of a Moroccan (B-III), a reflexive ethnographic account.

• Paul Rabinow - Fieldwork and Friendship in Morocco (C-IV), focuses on relational aspects in ethnography.

Jeanne Favret-Saada - Deadly Words: Witchcraft in the Bocage (D-I), a reflexive study of rural France.

65. Which of the following standard lung function tests are required for the diagnosis of COP?

A. Forced Vital capacity or Vital Capacity
B. Residual capacity
C. Total Lung Capacity
D. Forced expiratory volume in 1st second
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. B and D only
2. A and C only
3. A and D only
4. B and C only

Correct Answer: 3. A and D only

Solution:COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) diagnosis relies on:
• Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and
• Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV).
The key indicator is FEV,/FVC ratio < 0.70, showing airflow limitation. Residual volume and Total Lung Capacity are supportive but not essential for initial diagnosis.

66. Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

LIST-I (Concept)	LIST-II (Scholar)
A. Paradigm	I. R.K. Merton
B. Falsification	II. J.A. Barnes
C. Network Analysis	III. T. Kuhn
D. Middle Range Theory	IV. Karl Popper

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
2. A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
3. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
4. A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV

Correct Answer: 1. A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I

Solution:The correct match are:
• Paradigm - Introduced by Thomas Kuhn (AIII) in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.

• Falsification - A central idea of Karl Popper (B-IV), who emphasized testing hypotheses by attempting to disprove them.

• Network Analysis - Developed in anthropology by J.A. Barnes (C-II), focusing on social relationships.

• Middle Range Theory - Introduced by R.K. Merton (D-I) to connect empirical data and general theories.

67. Choose the correct sequence of response of immune system:

A. Synthesizes antibodies which comprises immunoglobulins
B. Immune system identifies foreign substances in the body
C. Immunoglobulins specifically designed to bind the antigens
D. Destroy the antigens
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. B, C, D, A
2. A, D, C, A
3. C, A, B, D
4. B, A, C, D

Correct Answer: 4. B, A, C, D

Solution:The correct immune response sequence:
1. Immune system identifies foreign substances (antigens) (В),
2. Synthesizes antibodies (immunoglobulins) (A),
3. Immunoglobulins bind specifically to antigens (C),
4. Antigens are destroyed by immune mechanisms (D).
This is the standard humoral immune response pathway.

68. The branch of archaeology that refines theories and methods by demonstrating incorrect assumptions and inaccuracies is:

1. Experimental Archaeology
2. Environmental Archaeology
3. Ethnoarchaeology
4. Ecological Archaeology

Correct Answer: 1. Experimental Archaeology

Solution:Experimental archaeology involves replicating ancient tools, structures, and activities to test hypotheses.
It helps refine theories and methods by identifying incorrect assumptions in archaeological interpretation.
This branch bridges the gap between theory and practice in reconstructing past behaviors.

69. The term filiation is coined by:

1. Radcliffe-Brown
2. Meyer Fortes
3. Jack Goody
4. Max Gluckman

Correct Answer: 2. Meyer Fortes

Solution:The term filiation was coined by Meyer Fortes, a key figure in kinship studies. It refers to the recognition of a person's descent from a particular parent or ancestor.

Fortes used it to distinguish between descent (biological) and affiliation (social recognition) in lineage systems.

70. The Cemetery H Culture characteristic features:

A. Elaborate town planning on grid pattern
B. Motives of peacock, stars and rosette on pottery
C. Urn burials with disarticulated bones and other grave goods
D. Stone tablets indicating overseas trade
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A and B only
2. B and C only
3. C and D only
4. А, В and C only

Correct Answer: 2. B and C only

Solution:The correct option is (2) : B and C only.
• The Cemetery H Culture (c. 2000-1500 BCE), associated with the late Harappan phase, features:
• Painted pottery with motifs of peacocks, stars, and rosettes (B).
• Urn burials with disarticulated bones and grave goods, indicating ritual practices (C).
• It lacks elaborate town planning (A) an stone tablets indicating overseas trade (D), which are Harappan features.