NTA UGC NET/JRF Exam, June, 2025 Geography

The National Population Register (NPR) is a register of the country's usual residents. It is prepared at the local, sub-district, district, state, and national levels under the provisions of the Citizenship Act, 1955 and the Citizenship Rules, 2003. Every usual resident of India is required to register in the NPR. Its purpose is to prepare a register of all residents of India. The NPR is intended to serve as the foundation for the National Register of Citizens (NRC). The NPR was first prepared in 2010, following the 2008 Mumbai attacks.

The following is the ascending order of the sex ratio of Indian states according to the 2011 census:
Chhattisgarh (991) → Andhra Pradesh (993) → Tamil Nadu (996) → Kerala (1084)
Therefore, option (a) is the correct ascending order.

Based on the Von Thunen theory, the following is the order of the above land use zones around the central city (from the center to the periphery):
1. Vegetable production
2. Timber production
3. Grain production
4. Crop rotation with pasture and fallow land
5. Three-field system
6. Pastoralism
Therefore, option (d) is the correctly matched order.

The major ports of India are arranged from north to south: Kandla Paradip → Visakhapatnam → Marmagao → Mangalore. Located at the mouth of the Gulf of Kutch, Kandla Port has been developed as a major port to meet the needs of the western and northwestern parts of the country and to reduce pressure on Mumbai Port. Paradip Port is located along the coast in the Mahanadi delta, 100 km from Cuttack.
It has been developed primarily for the large-scale export of iron ore. Visakhapatnam is a landlocked port in Andhra Pradesh, connected to the sea by a canal cut through solid rock and sand. Marmagao Port, located at the mouth of the Zuari Estuary, is a natural harbor in Goa. Mangalore Port is located in Karnataka and serves the export of iron ore and iron concentrate.
Hence option (a) is correct.

The Ministry of Home Affairs of the Government of India oversees census operations in India. The responsibility for the country's census has been given to the Central Government under Article 246 of the Indian Constitution. After independence, the Census Act was passed in 1948, which gives statutory status to the census. In 1961, considering the importance of census work, the 'Census Department' was formed under the Ministry of Home Affairs. At the central level, the top officer of this department is called the 'Registrar General and Census Commissioner'.

In the context of federalism in India, the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments provided greater financial and administrative powers to local governments. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 inserted a new Part IX in the Constitution of India. It is named 'Panchayats'. This Act also added a new 11th Schedule to the Constitution.
This List contains 29 functional subjects of Panchayats. The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 inserted a new Part IXA in the Constitution of India. It was named 'Municipalities'. This Act also added a new 12th Schedule to the Constitution. This List contains 18 functional subjects of Municipalities.

The following is the order of the indigenous peoples of India, arranged from south to north based on their primary residence: Toda (Tamil Nadu) → Meena (Rajasthan) → Naga (Nagaland) → Bakarwal (Jammu Kashmir and Ladakh). The Toda live in the Nilgiri mountain region in southern India (in the southern part of the state of Tamil Nadu).
The Meena tribe is one of the oldest tribes of Rajasthan. The Naga people are originally from Nagaland, but some members of this tribe are also found in other neighboring states. The Bakarwal tribe, a nomadic pastoral group, is found mainly in the Union Territories of Jammu Kashmir and Ladakh. Therefore, option (d) is correct.

The order of urban growth proposed by Mumford is: Eopolis → Polis → Metropolis → Megapolis → Tyrnopolis → Necropolis. Just as a human being passes through the stages of infancy, youth, adulthood, and old age from birth, a city also passes through various stages of development from its inception to its development, during which a small town transforms into a metropolis or megacity.
The contributions of Patrick Geddes, Lewis Mumford, and Griffith Taylor are noteworthy in studying these stages of urban development. Patrick Geddes identified three stages of urban economic development based on the location, functions, economic, and historical relationships of cities:
(1) Primitive Economy (Primitive Economy), (2) Archaic Economy (Paleolithic Economy), and (3) New Technology (New Technology). Lewis Mumford (1938), after a detailed study of the functions and historical facts of cities, described six stages of their development. Griffith Taylor (1953) described seven stages of urban development.