NTA UGC NET/JRF EXAM. JUNE , 2019 (Paper II) Geography

Electoral systems are voting systems that convert votes into a political decision. Members of Lok Sabha or the lower house of India’s Parliament are elected by being voted upon by all adult citizens of India. The three voting factors which mostly determines the voting pattern in India are caste, religion and money power of a candidate. Due to which communal riots, Inter caste differences are major political agenda for political parties to gain votes.

The correct match is-

Ekman transport is the net motion of fluid as the result of a balance between Coriolis and turbulent drag forces of winds. Ekman transport is caused by ocean surface waters being affected by friction via the wind. As the wind blows it casts a friction force on ocean surface that drags the water column with it. It occurs in the upper ocean.
• The upper layer of water molecule consequently drags the shallower layer and each deeper layer moves more slowly than the layer above it, until the movement ceases at a depth of about 100m.
• It also follows the law of coriolis force i.e. water deflected to its right in Northern hemisphere and to its left in S.H.
• Due to this phenomena Net water transport is at right angle to the wind direction.

Edward Ullman's mode of transport system is the theoretical origins of spatial interactions. Spatial interaction is the generalterm for movement of goods, or information over space that results from mainly three components → (1) Complementarity (2) Transferability (3) Intervening opportunity. Complementarity refers to the presence of a demand or deficit at one location and a supply or surplus at another without which there is no rationale for any movement.

Faulting is fracture in rock where there has been movement and displacement. California Earthquake 1906 occurred as a result of a shift along the San Andreas Fault. Vulcanicity is a process whereby magma rises from within the earth's interior into earth crust or is injected onto the earth's surface. The Krakatoa Earthquake was a volcanic eruption. The pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium at a given point within the fluid, due to the force of gravity, is hydrostatic pressure Greece Earthquake (1931).
Plate movement is a scientific theory that explains how major landforms are created as a result of Earth's subterranean movements. The Gujarat Earthquake 2001 was due to the Indian plate pushing northward into the Eurasian plate.

Bababudan Hill is a mountain in the Western Ghats of India. Baba Budan hills are famous for iron ore mining.
Panna is a city in Panna district of Madhya Pradesh. It is famous for its diamond mines.
Jharia coalfield is a large coalfield located in the east of India in Jharkhand.
Puga Valley in the Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir as one of the areas which showed significant potential for geothermal energy.

The temperature anomaly means a departure from a reference value or long term average temperature of a latitude by any place temperature. It is calculated as the difference between mean temperature of any place and the mean temperature of its latitude.

Higher salinity is found between 20°-40° latitudes. Salinity is high in mid latitudes where evaporation is high and precipitation is low and it decreases to high latitudes. The decrease is also influenced by cold and warm currents. In high latitudes, salinity increases with depth. In the middle latitudes, it increases up to 35 metres and then it decreases.

Slabs Avalanche - Characterized by the fall of large block of ice slabs down the slopes

• Slab avalanches have a distinct, broad fracture line. They can occur only when a bonded layer of snow (the slab) is lying on top of a weak layer over a sufficiently large area.

• Triggering requires the application of an additional load and a slope angle of at least 30°.

• This type of avalanches are most destructive and are cause for 90% of death occurs due to avalanche.