NTA UGC NET/JRF EXAM. JUNE , 2019 (Paper II) Geography

Dip is the angle at which a planar feature is inclined to the horizontal plane. Strike refers to the line formed by the intersection of a horizontal plane and an inclined surface. The dip direction is always perpendicular to the strike.

Strabo was a Greek philosopher, geographer and historian who lived in Asia Minor during the transitional period of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. His geography is the only extant work covering the whole range of peoples and countries known to both Greeks and Romans during the reign of Augustus. He publishes 'Geographia' in 17 volumes which describe the Geographic features of various continent of world.

Halocline, vertical zone in the oceanic water column in which salinity changes rapidly with depth, located below the well-mixed, uniformly saline surface water layer. A Particularly well developed halocline occurs in the Atlantic Ocean, in which salinities may decrease by several parts per thousand from the base of the surface layer to depths of about one kilometre (3,300 feet).
Haloclines are found in many areas in the world. They are common in areas where freshwater and saltwater come together such as in seaside caves and oceans etc.
Pycnocline - To show variation in density with decreasing altitude in ocean.
Thermocline - To show variation in Temperature with decreasing altitude in ocean.

World city also called global city is a city generally considered to be an important node in the global economic system. Examples include New York, London and Tokyo. So option (a) is incorrect.
It is a major centre for finance, trade, business, politics, culture, science, information and mass media. A world city is the headquarters of several multinational corporations.

The warping or bending downwards of the Earth's crust....
Down-wrapping refers to bending of earth crust vertically resembles to trough of a wave which is form due to collision of two plates having same density or due to convectional movement of magma in Asthenosphere which causes folding of plates.

Albedo refers to a fraction of light that is reflected by a body or surface. It is commonly used in astronomy to describe the reflective properties of planets, satellites and asteroids. Black body have low Albedo while white surface have high Albedo. A high albedo means it reflects a lot of light. Snow and ice are examples of high albedo.
Snow has an even higher albedo than sea ice, and so thick sea ice covered with snow reflects as much as 90 percent of the incoming solar radiation. This serves to insulate the sea ice, maintaining cold temperatures and delaying ice melt in the summer. After the snow does begin to melt, and because shallow melt ponds have an albedo of approximately 0.4 to 0.5, the surface albedo drops to about 0.75. Albedo drops further as melt ponds grow and deepen.

Kenneth.E. Boulding was an English born economist, educator, peace activist and philosopher. He published over 36 books. He was the author two citation classics:
The Image: Knowledge in Life and Society(1956) and Conflict and Defense: A General theory(1962). According to Boulding, Image refers to one's subjective knowledge of the world, one's worldview, one's sense of being located in space and time, and in a web of human relations and emotions.

The European Union(EU) is a unique political union consisting of 27 European countries. It is one of the largest global organizations in terms of number of member countries.
Members in other mentioned global organizations:
OPEC: 13 member countries
SAARC: 8 member countries
ASEAN: 10 member countries

An intervening opportunity is something that causes a person to stop at a place between the place they left and the place they intended to go is directly proportional to the opportunities available at the destination location and inversely proportional to the number of intervening opportunities available between source and destination. It was originally proposed by Stouffer who applied his ideas to migration and the location of services and residences. But it was Schneider who developed it in the way it is presented today.

Labrador current is a surface oceanic current flowing southward along the East coast of Canada. Oyashio is a cold subarctic ocean current that flows on
east coast of Korea.
Canary is a wind driven surface current that is a part of the North Atlantic Gyre. It is located in the west coast of Morocсо.
Benguela is an oceanic current that is a branch of the West Wind Draft of the southern hemisphere. It is located in the west coast of South Africa.