NTA UGC NET/JRF Re-Exam, June, 2024 Geography

In his book "Our Wandering Continents," Alexander du Toit provides evidence in favor of continental drift, stating that the eastern coasts of South America and the western coasts of Africa share considerable similarities. According to him, the two coasts cannot be completely joined; rather, there is a difference of 400 to 800 km.

As the tsunami wave crest approaches the coast, the wave period remains constant, its velocity decreases, and the wave height increases significantly. There is a direct relationship between ocean depth and tsunami wave speed. Its speed is highest in very deeр ocean water, while its speed decreases as it reaches the ocean coast.
On the other hand, there is an inverse relationship between ocean depth and tsunami wave height. That is, as the depth of ocean water decreases, the tsunami height increases. This is why tsunami heights are lowest in deep ocean regions, while their heights reach the continental shelves (25 m).

The situation in which people of a particular social background are deprived of any one facility is called 'clear exclusion', whereas on the other hand the situation in which they are deprived of all the facilities is called 'complete exclusion'.

In his first scheme of climate classification, Thornthwaite did not use the summer concentration of thermal efficiency as the basis. Because in his first scheme (1931), Thornthwaite had based his classification on two important indices: precipitation efficiency and thermal efficiency.
The revised classification in 1948 was based on four important indices (humidity index, thermal efficiency or potential evapotranspiration index, aridity and humidity index, thermal efficiency or potential evapotranspiration concentration index) and the summer concentration of annual thermal efficiency. Therefore, option (a) is correct.

Strengthening the public health system is not the sole responsibility of the central government as the National Health Policy 2017 is characterized by its emphasis on inclusive partnerships. It aims to increase government health spending from 1.15% to 2.5% of GDP by 2025. It aims to achieve universal health care in collaboration with the non-government sector and relies heavily on the private and voluntary sectors to achieve its objectives.

The statement that the world's superpower (the USA) has shown no desire to establish a presence in the Indian Ocean is incorrect because Diego Garcia Island in the Indian Ocean is a strategic naval base of the USA, acquired from Britain. From this location, the USA monitors the Indian Ocean. A significant portion of the global oil trade passes through the Indian Ocean.
It provides a strategic gateway to the Indo-Pacific region. In the past, the Bay of Bengal has been named after India's dominant power. The quasi-naval bases developed by China in the Indian Ocean are called the "String of Pearls." Therefore, statements (A) and (B) are incorrect, while statements (C) and (D) are correct, so option (c) is correct.

Flowchart maps are used to identify the influence areas of towns or cities. A flowchart is a combination of a graph and a map. It is drawn to show the flow of goods or people between points of origin and destination. It is also called a "kinetic map." Choropleth maps are drawn to show data characteristics related to administrative units. These maps are used to display population density, literacy growth rates, sex ratios, etc. Therefore, option (a) is correct.

The convergence of the East Pacific Plate, an oceanic plate, and the American Plate, a continental plate, results in intense volcanism in South America. Continent-continent collisions involve the collision of two plates with continental crust, leading to the formation of fold mountains and earthquakes of varying magnitudes.
Therefore, the formation of the Himalayas is a result of the collision of the Asian and Indian plates. Hot rock rises through the mantle and melts as it reaches shallow depths in the Earth's crust, creating large masses of magma, which generate hotspots. These hotspots are responsible for all types of volcanic eruptions on the Earth's surface.
The origin of the Earth's persistent magnetic field is not due to the movement of molten metal in the inner core, but rather in the outer core. Therefore, statements (A) and (B) are correct, while statements (C) and (D) are incorrect. Therefore, option (d) is correct.