NTA UGC NET/JRF Re-Exam, June, 2024 Geography

In Weber's industrial location theory, transportation, labor, and agglomeration play a key role in the location of industries. If both raw materials are depleting in weight and the market forms an equilateral triangle, the ideal location for an industry would be in the middle of the triangle, sloping toward the raw material sources, not the market.
Alfred Weber was the first scholar to propose the theory of industrial location. In 1909, he published a book in German titled "Uber den standort der I," in which he presented his theory of industrial location. Weber called the line representing equal transportation costs the Isodapane. Therefore, option (c) is incorrect.

In the graphic representation of Davis's geographical cycle, the difference between the two curves (upper and lower) represents relative relief. Davis illustrated his geographical cycle model with a diagram. The upper curve represents mountain peaks or watersheds, while the lower curve indicates the lowest relief above sea level or the bottom of river valleys. The horizontal line represents time, while the vertical line represents elevation. Thus, the vertical difference between the highs and lows is called relative relief, or simply relief. Therefore, option (b) is correct.

All living organisms have intrinsic value because for an ecosystem to remain stable and for all its organisms to survive and prosper, there must be a delicate balance between the biotic and abiotic conditions of the ecosystem. This is called ecological balance. Humans have no right to diminish the richness and diversity of life forms on Earth. Humans believe they are a supreme species, but deep ecology does not consider humans more important than other species.
In fact, deep ecology believes that nature and humans are two sides of the same coin. The value of non-human life forms is independent of their utility for narrow human purposes, and the flourishing of non-human life does not require an increase in the human population. 'Deep ecology' is related to environmentalism and emphasizes radical measures to conserve the natural environment. The term 'deep ecology' was first used by Arnes Naess of Norway. Therefore, statements (A) and (C) are correct, while statements (B) and (D) are incorrect. Thus, option (M) is correct.

According to the Economic Survey 2021-22, India's major imports include crude petroleum, gold, electronic goods, nuclear reactors, chemicals, plastics, and machine parts. Therefore, among the options, electronic goods are the most commonly imported items. Therefore, option (a) is correct.

In 1994, the GATT member countries resolved to establish a permanent institution to promote and foster free and fair trade among nations, and the World Trade Organization (WTO) was established in January 1995, not to free world trade from high tariffs. The WTO is the only international organization that enforces global rules between nations. It sets rules for the global trading system and resolves disputes among its member countries.
India was one of the founding members of the WTO. The statement that the WTO reduces the gap between rich and poor countries is false because, by making rich countries even richer, it is actually widening the gap between the rich and the poor. This is because influential countries in the WТО focus only on their own commercial interests. Furthermore, many developing countries have not fully opened their markets to developed countries' products. Therefore, option (a) is correct.

The strongest and deepest geostrophic currents are found along the western boundaries of ocean basins because the Earth rotates on its axis from west to east. This motion causes water to lag behind the land, resulting in east-west movement of the water. Thus, their greatest intensity and intensity are found along the western boundaries of ocean basins. Therefore, option (a) is correct.

The primary cause of vertical movement of water in the oceans is density differences. Ocean salinity affects the density of ocean water, and this difference in density generates currents. If the temperature is the same, but the salinity of two regions differs, the density of water in the higher salinity region will be higher, causing it to sink.
Whereas, the density of water in the lower salinity region will be relatively lower, causing water to move toward the less saline region. Water from the more saline region beneath the surface begins to flow as a downward current toward the less saline region. In this way, lighter water mixes in the upper oceans and heavier water in the deeper regions, causing vertical water movement. Therefore, option (d) is correct.

Cotton cultivation areas in India are not limited to areas with high rainfall. The black soils in the drier parts of the Deccan Plateau are considered suitable for cotton production. Growing this crop requires high temperatures, light rainfall or irrigation, 210 frost-free days, and bright sunshine. It is a Kharif crop and takes six to eight months to mature.
Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh are the main cotton-producing states. Rubber is a crop of the equatorial region, but under special conditions, it is also grown in tropical and subtropical regions. It requires a moist and humid climate with more than 200 cm of rainfall and temperatures above 25°C.
Tea is best grown in tropical and subtropical climates, deep soils rich in humus and organic matter, and sloping areas with easy drainage. Evenly distributed rainfall throughout the year supports the growth of its tender leaves. Jute is known as the "golden fiber." Jute is grown in well-drained, fertile soils of floodplains, where new soil is deposited each year by floods. Therefore, option (a) is correct.