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Organic Chemistry F. The Fuel

📆 October 23, 2024

Total Questions: 56

1. Which of the following is a natural fuel? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1990]

Correct Answer: (d) Petroleum
Solution:The petroleum products are subject to natural fuel. They are made from the fossils buried within the earth. Other options, coke and tar, can be achieved by destructive distillation of coal or wood, while coal gas can be created artificially.

2. Which of the following fossil fuels is the cleanest fuel? [U.P.P.S.C. (R.L.) 2014]

Correct Answer: (c) Natural gas
Solution:The use of natural gas in power generation provides a cleaner alternative to coal and other fossil fuels, reducing carbon and other emissions and resulting in both immediate and long-term benefits for public health and the environment.

3. Which of the following is a fossil fuel? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]

Correct Answer: (d) Natural gas
Solution:Fossil fuels, including coal, oil, and natural gas, are currently the world's primary energy sources. The fossil fuels formed from organic material over the course of millions of years have fueled the global economy over the past century. Yet, these fossil fuels are finite resources and they can also irreparably harm the environment.

4. Which one of the following has the highest fuel value? [I.A.S. (Pre) 1997]

Correct Answer: (a) Hydrogen
Solution:The heating value of a fuel is the amount of heat that is obtained after one gram (1gm) of fuel is burnt completely in air or oxygen. Hydrogen has the highest heating value among all fuels. Hydrogen is used as a rocket fuel and in burners producing high temperatures. The fuel value of hydrogen gas is 150, charcoal 33, natural gas 50-55, and gasoline 45. Hydrogen gas was first artificially produced in the early 16th century. Henry Cavendish was the first to recognize that hydrogen gas was a discrete substance.

5. With reference to coal-based thermal power plants in India, consider the following statements: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2023]

  1. None of them uses seawater.
  2. None of them is set up in water-stressed districts.
  3. None of them is privately owned.

How many of the above statements are correct?

Correct Answer: (d) None of the above
Solution:Many coastal power plants in India use seawater for cooling purposes. For instance, the Mundra Thermal Power Station in Gujarat, India, which is one of the largest coal-based power plants in the country, uses seawater for cooling. As per the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) Study of 2021, about 48% of existing coal-based power plants in India are located in water-scarce districts. There are both private and publicly owned coal-fired thermal power stations in India. Many private corporations have invested in the power industry and run coal-fired thermal power facilities, such as Adani Power Limited, which is the largest private power producer in India. Hence, all three statements are incorrect.

6. Consider the following statements: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2020]

  1. Coal ash contains arsenic, lead, and mercury.
  2. Coal-fired power plants release sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen into the environment.
  3. High ash content is observed in Indian coal.

Which of the statement given above is/are correct?

Correct Answer: (d) 1, 2, and 3
Solution:Coal ash is the waste that is left after coal is combusted (burned). It includes fly ash (fine powdery particles that are carried up the smoke stack and captured by pollution control devices) as well as coarser materials that fall to the bottom of the furnace. Most coal ash comes from coal-fired electric power plants. Depending on where coal was mined, coal ash typically contains heavy metals including arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium, and selenium, as well as other metals and elements. If eaten, drunk, or inhaled, these toxicants can cause cancer and other serious health hazards. Hence, statement 1 is correct. Depending on the source (type) of coal, the emissions from the burned coal of coal-fired power plants contain pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO₂), sulfur trioxide (SO₃), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), particulate matter (PM), mercury (Hg), trace metals, etc. Thus, statement 2 is correct. Ash content of coal produced in India is generally 25 to 45%, whereas ash content of imported coal varies from 10 to 20%. Indian coal has comparatively higher ash content than imported coal due to the dirty nature of coal deposits in India. Therefore, statement 3 is also correct.

7. Why is there a concern about copper smelting plants? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2021]

1. They may release lethal quantities of carbon monoxide into environment.

2.The copper slag can cause the leaching of some heavy metals into the environment.

3. They may release sulphur dioxide as a pollutant.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Correct Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only
Solution:Copper smelting plants separate elemental copper from copper concentrates/ores through multiple sulphide oxidizing stages. The major air pollutants emitted from the process are sulphur dioxide and particulate matter (PM), and the main portion of the solid waste is discarded slag, which typically contains heavy metals, including arsenic, lead, cadmium, and others. Thus, copper slag can cause leaching of some heavy metals into the environment. Hence, statements 2 and 3 are correct.
Statement 1 is incorrect as copper smelting plants may release carbon monoxide and other air pollutant gases, but they do not release lethal quantities of carbon monoxide into the environment.

8. Which of the following causes maximum indoor chemical pollution? [Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2021]

Correct Answer: (b) Burning coal
Solution:Among the given options, burning of coal causes maximum indoor chemical pollution. Burning of coal produces many harmful chemical pollutants.

9. Consider the following statements: [I.A.S. (Pre) 1998]

  1. Coke is one of the materials of the charge added to a blast furnace for the production of steel/iron. Its function is to:
  • Act as the reducing agent
  • Remove silica associated with the iron ore
  • Function as fuel, to supply heat
  • Act as an oxidizing agent

Of these statements:

Correct Answer: (c) 1 and 3 are correct
Solution:Coke is added to the blast furnace for the production of iron/steel. It functions as fuel to supply heat. Besides supplying the heat, it also acts as a reducing agent by providing carbon monoxide to reduce the iron ore.

10. With reference to furnace oil, consider the following statements: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2021]

  1. It is a product of oil refineries.
  2. Some industries use it to generate power.
  3. Its use causes sulphur emissions into the environment.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Correct Answer: (d) 1, 2, and 3
Solution:Furnace oil (or fuel oil) is fuel consisting mainly of residues from crude oil distillation. Hence, statement 1 is correct. Furnace oil is used as fuel in different types of combustion equipment for power generation. It is used primarily for steam boilers in power plants, aboard ships, and in industrial plants. Hence, statement 2 is correct. The oxides of sulphur (SOx: SO₂ + SO₃) emissions and secondary sulphate formation as particulate matter (PM) are a direct result of the sulphur content of the furnace oil. Hence, statement 3 is also correct.
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