Organic Evolution (Biology)

1. What are the changes in our surrounding that make us respond to them called? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-1) 10.01.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) Respiration
(b) Excretion
(c) Stimuli
(d) Reproduction

Correct Answer: (c) Stimuli

Solution:The changes in the environmental conditions to which the organisms respond are known as stimuli. Every living organism responds when an external stimulus acts on it. A stimulus is a change in the external or internal environment which brings about a physiological response, i.e. when applied to any sensory receptor it elicits action or response.

2. The presence of specific features or certain habits that enables a plant or an animal to live in its surrounding are called as [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 4.01.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) Adaptation
(b) Habitat
(c ) Terrestrial Habitat
(d) Aquatic habitat

Correct Answer: (a) Adaptation

Solution:Adaptation is a feature that helps an organism, such as a plant or animal survive in its environment. It is common in a population because it provides some improved function. It enables a plant or an animal to live in a particular habitat.

3. Charles Darwin the famaar evolutionist, proposed his theory in which one of his books? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 6.09.2016 (Shift-II)]

(a) The Families of Flowering Plant
(b) The Origin of Species
(c) The Life on Earth
(d) The Story of the Living World

Correct Answer: (b) The Origin of Species

Solution:On the Origin of Species (On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection), published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. It introduced the idea that different populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection.

4. Who developed the Theory of Evolution? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 20.01.2017 (Shift-I)]

(a) Charles Darwin
(b) Isaac Newton
(c) Pranav Mistry
(d) Galileo Galilei

Correct Answer: (a) Charles Darwin

Solution:The theory of evolution is a shortened form of the term "theory of evolution by natural selection," which was proposed by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in the nineteenth century.

5. The phrase 'Survival of the Fittest' describing the mechanism of Natural Selection coined by [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 11.06.2019 (Shift-III)]

(a) Marie Curie
(b) Herbert Spencer
(c) Charles Babbage
(d) Louis Pasteur

Correct Answer: (b) Herbert Spencer

Solution:'Survival of the fittest' is a phrase that originated from Darwinian evolutionary theory as a way of describing the mechanism of natural selection. Herbert Spencer first used the phrase, after reading Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species, in his Principles of Biology (1864), in which he drew parallels between his economic theories and Darwin's biological ones.