Other Civil Uprisings (Part-II)

Gadakaris were hereditary servants of the Marathas and were attached to their forts. They rose in rebellion in Kolhapur in 1844 due to pitable land revenue and acquisition policies. The British army struggled hard for the suppression of the rebellion.

The Khond was an aboriginal tribe that stretched from Bengal to Tamil Nadu covering central provinces. They revolted against the British from 1846 to 1855. The people of the Khond tribe were led by Chakra Bisoi. The main reason for the revolt was stopping the Mariah system (traditional human sacrifice practiced by Khonds), the introduction of the new taxes by the British Government rule, etc.

Kol Revolt was led by Budhu Bhagat in Chhota Nagpur region in 1831-32.

The uprising was a reaction to the appointment of a Political Agent to the Government in South Bihar, and ceded districts nearby around 1819. This resulted in many people moving into these areas which were the lands of numerous Adivasi tribes. Until the British arrived, these tribes had no rulers and their lands were divided according to families that were bound by "parhas" or conferences. With the application of new land laws, the Kols were exploited by outsiders moving into the area and taking up agriculture and commercial activities that were alien to tribal culture. Also, many of the lands of the locals were taken away as securities for un-returned loans. Another irritation was the taxation on the movement of products, such as salt that were formerly freely moved. Corrupt official practices and lawlessness followed.

Kols are the inhabitants of Chhotanagpur. This area covered Ranchi, Singhbhum, Hazaribagh, Palamu & Manbhum. With the application of new land laws, outsiders like Hindu, Sikh, Muslim farmers, money lenders, etc. started coming into these tribals' area in 1831. This led to massive exploitation of tribes. In 1831, under the leadership of Buddho Bhagat, Kol rebels revolted and killed about a thousand outsiders, but only after large-scale military operations, order could be restored.

The Gaekwad of Baroda supported by the British Government compelled the Waghera Chief to take up arms. The Wagheras attacked British territory during 1818-1819. A peace treaty concluded the revolt in 1820.

The correct order of the above uprisings against the British colonial power in India is as follows:

• Sepoy Mutiny in Bengal - 1764
• Kutch Rebellion - 1819-21
• Sepoy Mutiny at Vellore - 1806
• Kol Uprising - 1831-1832
• Santhal Revolt - 1855-56

In 1806 AD, the soldiers mutinied at Vellore against interference in their social and religious customs and the flags of the Raja of Mysore. The Vellore rebellion took place during the time of Governor General Sir George Barlow. The tenure of Governor General Sir George Barlow was from 1805 to 1807 AD.

There was no revolt named Chhoranagar Tribal revolt. But there were many revolts during a different period like Cheron revolt (1800), Kol revolt (1831-32) , Santhal revolt (1855-56) and Munda revolt (1899-1900). If Ho revolt(1820-21) is considered then option (b) is the correct answer.

The 'Munda' and 'Ho' (1820-21) tribes of Chhotanagpur region (Part of the Bihar) Challenged the British army in 1831 AD. The region was in a state of disharmony until 1837 AD.

In 1855-56, Sidhu, Kanhu, Chand, and Bhairav, the four brothers, gave a call for rebellion. The rebellious Santhals assembled and raised their arms against the British revenue system.