Solution:The given sentence starts with part S as it introduces the main subject of the sentence, i.e. the name, Madurai.
Part S will be followed by part Q as it states the place where the name Madurai evokes. Further, part P states the meaning of the name Madurai, i.e. the golden era when their language, culture and arts flourished.
And, part R states the empire in which the golden era existed. So, R will follow P. Going through the options, option 'b' has the correct sequence.