Parliament (PART) 3

It is the Parliament which amends the Constitution in order to include or exclude a tribe from the list of Scheduled Tribe.

By-election is conducted when a member of Parliament leaves his or her seat before the completion of their terms. By-elections are conducted only in a particular constituency or a few particular constituencies where the vacancy arises. The reasons for By-elections may be, sudden death of the MLA/MP, resignation from his post, and disqualication for any serious reason.

When a cut motion is moved to reduce the amount of demand by Rs. 100, it is known as a 'Token Cut'. It aims to ventilate a specific grievance the redressal of which is within the sphere of the responsibility of the Government of India. Token cut is symbolic and humiliating for the Government.

A Token Cut motion is moved so that the amount of the demand is reduced by Rs. 100. This is done to ventilate a specific grievance redressal of which is within the sphere of the responsibility of the Government of India.

Privilege motion is a notice but by a member of either House of a state legislature or Parliament, against anyone who is accused of breach of privilege.

Cut motion is classified into 3 categories:- Policy cut, Economy cut and Token cut. Policy cut represents the disapproval of policy underlying demand and it seeks to reduce the amount of demand to Rs 1/- Whereas Economy cut represents the grievance not against the policy but against the demand for grant and it seeks to reduce the amount of demand by a specific amount. Token cut is a mechanism to ventilate a specific grievance redressal of which is within the sphere of responsibility of Goverment and it is expressed by seeking reduction of the amount of demand by Rs. 100

Amending the Constitution of India (Article 368) is the process of making changes to the nation's fundamental law or supreme law.

• It provides for 2 types pf amendment

1.  by a special majority of the Parliament, and
2. by a special majority of the Parliament and a majority of at least half the states by a simple majority.

Speaker of the Lok Sabha is the exofficio President of the Indian Parliamentary Group (IPG).

• It is an autonomous body whose membership is open to all incumbent or former members of the Indian Parliament.
• It was set up in 1949 after a resolution adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 16 August 1948.. The objective of the group is to promote personal contacts between Members of Parliament and to disseminate information to Members of Parliament by organizing seminars etc. on possible issues before the Parliament.