Part – B (General Studies) NDA/NA SOLVED PAPER 2018 (I) (51 to 100)

Bowman’s capsule is a part of human excretory system. It is closed cup-shaped and double-walled structure of Malpighian body of a kidney. The human respiratory system includes nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles, alveoli and lungs.
Diaphragm is a dome-shaped sheet that separate the thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity. It also serves major role during breathing. Trachea or wind pipe conduct air to lungs and bronchi are the branches of wind pipe inside lungs.

Bryophytes are very small, photosynthetic and first terrestrial plants. These are non-vascular plants too. Thyllophyta is a group of thalloid plants in which body is not differentiated into true roots, stems and leaves. e.g. Algae.
Funaria (Moss) is a genus of approximately 2010 species of class Bryopsida of Bryophyta. Pteridophytes have hidden reproductive organs, so, these are called cryptogams. While all gymnosperms and angiosperms are phanerogams.

A hierarchical system is used for taxonomic classification of organisms. Each level in this classification includes organisms with similar characteristics. According to Linnean hierarchy, proposed by Carlous Linnaeus (Father of systematic Botany), the hierarchy involves seven obligate categories as shown below
Kingdom → Phylum (in Animals)/Division (in plants) → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species

Growth occurs in plants due to the division of meristematic cells. Meristematic tissues are a group of undifferentiated immature cells that are either preparing to divide or are in continuous state of division.
These tissues contribute towards the growth of the plants as they are present in the actively growing regions of plants. Due to meristematic tissues, a plant body retains the capacity of unlimited growth throughout their life.

Lakshadweep has a sex ratio of 946 females for every 1000 males and a literacy rate of 92.28%. The female literacy of lakshwadweep is 87.95 percent which the highest among all the union territories in India.
Daman and Diu comes next with 79.59% in female literacy.

The Roaring Forties are strong westerly winds found in the Southern Hemisphere, generally between the latitudes of 40 and 50 degrees.
The strong west-to-east air currents are caused by the combination of air being displaced from the Equator towards the South Pole and the Earth’s rotation, and there are few landmasses to serve as windbreaks. Hence, both the given statements are correct.

Doldrums, (also called equatorial calms) are equatorial regions of light ocean currents and winds within the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), a belt of converging winds and rising air encircling Earth near the Equator.
It is a low pressure area around the equator where the prevailing winds are calm with no movement.
Chinook are local winds that blow over the Rocky mountains in USA. They are essentially hot and dry wind that blow in the winter season and raises the temperature in a short time thus removing the frost from the crops.

Atacama desert located in the Andes mountain is the driest desert in the world, as well as the only true desert to receive less precipitation than the polar deserts. Officially, it the driest place on Earth.
It receives almost no rainfall. This is due to the fact that the desert lies on the leeward side of the Andes that blocks any winds from reaching here.

The amount of heat per unit mass transferred during change of state of the substance is called Latent heat of the substance. It is always fixed at a given temperature and does not changes with temperature and volume of the substance. e.g. latent heat of ice is 3.34 × 105J.

Mass is a quantity of matter present inside the body which measures the inertia of a body. The mass of the body cannot be zero.
Irrespective of the position of body in the universe, mass of the body always remains constant everywhere, which is independent on its temperature.