PGT Computer Science (Level-3), (HTET Exam 2023)

TCP is a core protocol of the Internet Protocol Suite, which operates at the transport layer and ensures reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream of data between applications running on hosts communicating via an IP network. It is connection-oriented, meaning it requires a connection to be established between both ends of a transmission before any data can be sent. This contrasts with connection less protocols, which don't require a connection to be established beforehand.

The select operation in relational databases is used to retrieve rows from a table that satisfy a specific condition. The condition, often referred to as the selection condition, dictates which rows are included in the query result based on the values of the data in the table's columns. This operation is fundamental in SQL for filtering data according to specific requirements.

In database management, forms are used to collect and display data from the user in a structured manner. Forms interface directly with users, allowing them to enter new data, modify existing data, or retrieve data. They simplify user interaction by providing a graphical user interface for these actions, making them an essential tool in managing databases effectively.

In object-oriented programming, an abstract class is defined as a class that cannot be instantiated on its own and exists primarily to be subclassed. It must contain at least one pure virtual function-functions with no implementation in the abstract class, but must be implemented by any subclass that does not also abstract these functions.

The 'Update' command in SQL is used to modify the values of specified attributes in one or more rows of a given table. This command is essential for maintaining the accuracy and relevance of data in a database by allowing changes to be made to existing records based on specific conditions.

The analysis phase of a system development life cycle is critical as it involves understanding and documenting what the system needs to do and how it will be used by end-users. This phase answers key questions about the system's functionality, the necessary user interactions, and the environmental context in which the system will operate.

The degree of a relationship type in a database refers to the number of entity types that participate in the relationship. For instance, a binary relationship involves two different entity types, a ternary relationship involves three, and so on. This degree is important for understanding the complexity and structure of database relationships.

Cache memory is a small-sized type of volatile computer memory that provides high-speed data storage and access to the processor and is closer to the processing speed of the CPU compared to other types of memory. Its main purpose is to increase the efficiency of data retrieval by storing frequently accessed data and instructions that are immediately required by the CPU.

In Python, tuples are collections which are ordered and immutable. Immutable means that once a tuple is created, the values within it cannot be changed, added, or removed-making tuples a useful data type for fixed data storage.