Physical Properties of Matter (Physics)

A sudden fall in barometer reading indicates that the weather will be stormy.

According to Torricelli's law,

velocity of efflux = √2gh

where, h is the depth of the hole.

In this question, hole I has maximum depth and it has maximum velocity of efflux, thus it will throw the water farthest.

In a streamlined motion, the speed of layers of liquid is lowest near the pipe. As moved away from the pipe, the motion of layers gradually increases.

Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid which is being deformed by either shear stress or tensile stress, In everyday terms, viscosity is "thickness" or "internal friction". Viscosity of liquid (water) at different temperatures up to the normal boiling point is listed below.

Thus it is clear that with the rise of temperature, the viscosity of liquid decreases.

Viscosity is the measure of resistance of a fluid to flow. A fluid that is highly viscous has a high resistance (like having more friction) and flows slower than a low-viscosity fluid. Among the given options, honey has the highest viscosity.

'Viscosity' of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress. For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of "Thickness'. Among the given options, honey is the most viscous fluid

Viscosity of liquid tends to decrease as its temperature increases. The increase in temperature causes the kinetic or thermal energy to increase and the molecules become more movable.

Generally, all liquids expand on heating, but water is an exception to this rule. If water is heated, its volume gradually decreases (This decrease in volume continues till the temperature rises to 4°C). At temperatures over 4°C water starts expanding.

It then keeps expanding with the further rise in temperature, till finally at 100 °C and turns into steam. In other words, at 4°C, water has the least volume (occupies the least amount of space) and maximum density (is at its heaviest). This irregular expansion of water is called anomalous expansion.

This anomalous expansion plays an important role by only freezing the upper layer in lakes and rivers. During winter months in colder countries, the outside or atmospheric temperature is very low it drops to below freezing and the upper layers of water in the lakes and ponds start cooling.

When the temperature of the surface layers falls to 4°C, the water body acquires maximum density and sinks down. The water that sinks down displaces water below, and the lower layers of water simultaneously rise up. This also gets cooled to 4°C and again sinks down.

When the temperature of the water body finally goes below 4°C the density or heaviness of water decreases and as a result water does not sink down. The surface water finally freezes at 0°C while the lower part still remains at 4°C The light frozen layer of ice floats on top.

This is because of a phenomenon is known as winter stratification in water bodies. In the winter season, the water at the top layer of water bodies will be ice cold (0°C) and are gradually frozen.

But still, the bottom layers will have liquid water and maintain a temperature (4°C) which supports the life there. Thus, fishes and other aquatic animals are saved from the frozen top layer of water.

This is because of a phenomenon is known as winter stratification in water bodies. In the winter season, the water at the top layer of water bodies will be ice cold (0°C) and are gradually frozen.

But still, the bottom layers will have liquid water and maintain a temperature (4°C) which supports the life there. Thus, fishes and other aquatic animals are saved from the frozen top layer of water.