Solution:Atmospheric refraction. The deviation of light or other electromagnetic waves from a straight line as it passes through the atmosphere. Dispersion of light - Splitting of white light through a glass prism into its spectrum of colours (in order Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange and Red). Total internal reflection - Complete reflection of a ray of light within a medium. Scattering of light - Change in the direction of propagation of light caused by the large number of particles present in the atmosphere.