Solution:Photosynthesis is the process of converting light energy to chemical energy and storing it in the bonds of sugar. In this process, carbon dioxide (CO₂) is taken in from the atmosphere and oxygen (O₂) is released out during the formation of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆).Photosynthesis is the physicochemical process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria synthesise organic compounds in the presence of sunlight using components such as carbon dioxide and water. In this process, light energy is converted to chemical energy in the form of sugars and Oxygen as a byproduct. Photosynthesis by green plants and other photoautotrophs is the basis of life as it is the primary source of all food on Earth.
Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast organelle of plant cells. It is a double-membrane organelle having its own DNA, mitochondria, and ribosomes. It also contains a third inner membrane, called thylakoid.
Thylakoid membranes: They look like stacks of coins. It contains chlorophyll.
The membrane system is responsible for trapping the light energy for the synthesis of ATP and NADPH.
Stroma: The space between the thylakoid and the chloroplast membranes is called the stroma. Within the stroma, enzymatic reactions occur to synthesize sugar, subsequently leading to the formation of starch.
