Political Parties (Indian Polity and Governance)

Note: The Communist Party of India was established on 17 October, 1920 at Tashkent. In India, the CPI was founded in 1925 in Kanpur (now in Uttar Pradesh State). As per the given option the correct answer is option (a).

The Communist Party of India (CPI), founded in 1920, advocated radical societal changes inspired by Marxist and socialist ideals. Founders like M.N. Roy and Abani Mukherji established CPI in Tashkent after the second Congress of the Comintern, reflecting growing discontent among young nationalists seeking alternatives to Gandhian non-violence principles.
Throughout the 1920s, the CPI played a vital role in the national movement, organising workers' and peasants' parties while facing government crackdowns, including the Meerut conspiracy case in 1929. Despite these challenges, the CPI collaborated with the Indian National Congress, promoting Marxist and communist ideals and significantly influencing India's struggle for independence.

State Level Parties

• Samajwadi Party (SP) - 1992
• Telugu Desam Party (TDP) - 1982

Political parties are voluntary associations or organized groups of individuals who share similar political views and seek power through constitutional means to advance national interests.
In modern democratic states, there are four types of political parties
1. Reactionary parties that cling to the old socio-economic and political institutions
2. Conservative parties that believe in the status quo
3. Liberal parties that aim to change and reform the existing institutions
4. Radical parties aim to establish a new order by overthrowing the existing institutions
Following the ideologies, political parties are also categorized. Political scientists have positioned conservative and reactionary parties on the right, liberal parties in the middle, and radical parties on the left.

Political parties are voluntary associations or organized groups of individuals who share similar political views and seek power through constitutional means to advance national interests.
In modern democratic states, there are four types of political parties
1. Reactionary parties that cling to the old socio-economic and political institutions
2. Conservative parties that believe in the status quo
3. Liberal parties that aim to change and reform the existing institutions
4. Radical parties aim to establish a new order by overthrowing the existing institutions
Following the ideologies, political parties are also categorized. Political scientists have positioned conservative and reactionary parties on the right, liberal parties in the middle, and radical parties on the left.

C.P.M in 13th Lok Sabha - 32 seats.
T.D.P in 13th Lok Sabha - 29 seats.
B.S.P in 13th Lok Sabha - 14 seats.
B.J.D in 13th Lok Sabha - 10 seats.