Polity (CDS-Solved Paper)

Article-112 in the Constitution of India 1949 says The President shall in respect of every financial year cause to be laid before both the Houses of Parliament a statement of the estimated receipts and expenditure of the government of India for that year, in this Part referred to as the annual financial statement.

● Article 110 (3) of the Constitution of India categorically states that if any question arises whether a Bill is a Money Bill or not, the decision of the speakers of the house of the people thereon shall be final.

● Article 111 of the Constitution of India ‘Assent to Bills’ when a Bill has been passed by the Houses of Parliament, it shall be presented to the President and the President shall declare either that he assent to the Bill, or that he withholds assent there from.

● According to Article 113 of the Indian Constitution estimates expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India in the Annual Financial Statement are to be voted the Lok Sabha.

Option (a) is the correct sequence.
The Cornwallis code is a body of legislation enacted in 1793 by the East India Company to improve the governance of its territories India.
The Vernacular Press Act (1878) was enacted by the Britishers to curtail the freedom of Indian press and prevent the expression of criticism towards British policies.
During Lord’s Ripon time, the ‘First Factory Act’ was adopted in 1881 to improve the service conditions of the factory workers in India. The act banned the appointment of children below the age of seven in factories. It also reduced the working hours of children.
The Morley-Minto Reforms (1909) was an act of the Parliament of the UK that brought about a limited increase in the Involvement of Indians in the governance of British India.

Article 371A of the Constitution of India provides special privileges to the state of Nagaland with an aim to preserve their tribal culture. Article 371 also confers special privileges to the state of Assam, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Manipur and Arunachal Pradesh.

Article 371 gives the power to the President of India to establish separate development boards for Vidarbha, Marathwada regions of Maharashtra and the rest of the State and Saurashtra, Kutch and rest of Gujarat.

Special provisions with respect to Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Goa are dealt in Articles 371D and 371E, 371J, 371I respectively.

Zonal Councils are Advisory Councils and are made up of the States of India that have been grouped into five zones to foster cooperation among them. These were set-up vide Part III of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956.

The present composition of each these Zonal Council is under Northern Zonal Council, Central Zonal Council, Eastern Zonal Council, Western Zonal Council and Southern Zonal Council.

The North Eastern States are under another statutory body, the North Eastern Council.

Article-361 of the Constitution of India provides that the President or the Governor of a State, shall not be answerable to any court for the exercise and performance of the powers and duties of his office or for any act done or purporting to be done by him in the exercise and performance of these powers and duties.

Article 53 Executive Power of the Union The executive power of the union shall be vested in the President and shall be exercised by him either directly or through officers subordinate to him in accordance with this Constitution.

Article 74 of the Constitution of the Republic of India provides for a Council of Ministers which shall aid the President in the exercise of his functions.

Article 363 of the Constitution bars the jurisdiction of all courts in any dispute arising out of any agreement which was entered into or executed before the commencement of the Constitution by any ruler of an Indian state to which the Government of India was party.

Article-348 of the Constitution of India prescribes language to be used in the Supreme Court and in the High Court and for acts, bills, etc. All proceeding in the Supreme Court and in every High Court, the authoritative texts of all bills to be introduced or amendment there to be moved in either House of Parliament or either House of State Legislature, shall be in English.

The Union Council of Ministers Exercises Executive Authority in the Republic of India. It consists of senior ministers, called Cabinet Ministers, Minister of State or Deputy Ministers. According to the Constitution of India, the total numbers of ministers in the Council of Ministers must not exceed 15% of the total numbers of member of the Lok Sabha.

Legislative Council is the Upper House in those States of India that have a bicameral legislature its establishment is defined in Article-169 of the Constitution of India.As of 2019, 7 out of 29 States have Legislative Council namely—Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Jammu and Kashmir, Telangana and Uttar Pradesh.

The Fundamental Duties of citizens were added to the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment in 1976, upon the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee that was constituted by the government.

Under Article 51, it mentions to promote international peace and security. It is not enumerated in the Constitution of India as Fundamental Duty of Citizens of India.

Writ of ‘Quo-Warranto’ in literal sense means by what authority or warrant it is issued by the court to enquire into legality of claim of a person to public office. Hence, it prevents illegal usurpation of public office by a person. Hence, option (d) is not correct.