Miscellaneous (Indian Polity and Governance) Part-III

Purpose: To reform legal education, transform the Indian legal system, and introduce innovative pedagogy like the five-year integrated law degree.
Significance: NLSIU is considered a leader in legal education and was the first institution in India to offer the 5-year integrated BA LLB (Hons) program, which was launched in 1988,

Purpose: To reform legal education, transform the Indian legal system, and introduce innovative pedagogy like the five-year integrated law degree.
Significance: NLSIU is considered a leader in legal education and was the first institution in India to offer the 5-year integrated BA LLB (Hons) program, which was launched in 1988,

• Caste can be defined as a hereditary, endogamous group having a common name, common traditional occupation, and common culture, relatively rigid in matters of mobility, the distinctiveness of status, and forming a single homogeneous community.
• The caste system is a social hierarchy in India originally based on a person's occupation and birth. It divides society into different groups called castes, which are further subdivided into subcastes.
• The four varna - Brahmana, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra are the classical four divisions of Hindu society. In practice, however, there have always been many subdivisions (Jatis) of these varnas, which today connote castes (Jatis) in India.

Karl Marx was the oldest boy who survived among nine children. His father, Heinrich, was a successful lawyer who was a devotee of Kant and Voltaire. His mother, Henrietta Pressburg, was from Holland. Even though both his parents are Jewish, he was baptised in the Evangelical Church when he was six years old. Karl was not much influenced by religion in his early years. The prejudice and discrimination around the background he grew up in made him question the religion and desire for a societal change.
Karl Marx studied in a high school in Trier from 1830 to 1835. The teachers and students were suspected; as a result, his school was under the surveillance of the police department. During this time, he wrote articles that showed the spirit of Christianity and humanity. He joined the University of Bonn in 1835. He was interested in History, Roman and Greek mythology. Furthermore, he was a member of various student activities and spent a day in prison for being drunk and disordered. He was also a member of the Tavern Club and poet's club that had a lot of political and social activists.

Karl Marx was the oldest boy who survived among nine children. His father, Heinrich, was a successful lawyer who was a devotee of Kant and Voltaire. His mother, Henrietta Pressburg, was from Holland. Even though both his parents are Jewish, he was baptised in the Evangelical Church when he was six years old. Karl was not much influenced by religion in his early years. The prejudice and discrimination around the background he grew up in made him question the religion and desire for a societal change.
Karl Marx studied in a high school in Trier from 1830 to 1835. The teachers and students were suspected; as a result, his school was under the surveillance of the police department. During this time, he wrote articles that showed the spirit of Christianity and humanity. He joined the University of Bonn in 1835. He was interested in History, Roman and Greek mythology. Furthermore, he was a member of various student activities and spent a day in prison for being drunk and disordered. He was also a member of the Tavern Club and poet's club that had a lot of political and social activists.

Socialism is an economic and political system where the means of production, such as factories and resources, are socially owned or controlled by the community or state, rather than by private individuals or corporations. It prioritizes collective good and aims to reduce exploitation, unfair distribution, and class conflict associated with capitalism by organizing production for need rather than profit. Social ownership can take various forms, including state ownership, worker cooperatives, or collective ownership.

In 1978, Britain had proposed a large-scale exhibition of Indian antiques, something that had been done only once before, in 1947-48, immediately after Independence. After her post-Emergency re-election in 1980, Indira Gandhi, as recommended by her cultural adviser Pupul Jayakar, widened the scope, wanting to showcase "modern" India's artistic achievements as well. The "Festival of India" (Fol) was thus born.
Conceptualised as a galaxy of events that would include art, sculpture, dance, music, poetry, cinema, theatre, science, crafts, food and more, the first Fol was held in Britain in 1982, followed by editions in subsequent years in the US and France (1985-86), the erstwhile Soviet Union (1987-88), Japan (1988), Germany, Sweden, and China.