Polity Miscellaneous (Part-I)

Total Questions: 50

41. C.I.A. is the intelligence agency of : [M.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Pre) 2004]

Correct Answer: (d) U.S.A.
Solution:C.I.A. (Central Intelligence Agency) is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the United States of America.

The US was the last significant ability to lay out a non-military personnel knowledge office entrusted with social occasion grouped data for policymakers. Before 1942, the nation had no regular citizen insight offices. The Office of Naval Intelligence, US Army insight, and the FBI accumulated data specially appointed. The information was seldom imparted to other government offices and here and there kept from senior policymakers.

  • Roosevelt laid out the OSS in June 1942 to unite the unique and clumsy strands of US unfamiliar insight gathering into a solitary substance
  • The Office of the Coordinator of Information laid out in July 1941 for this reason, had bombed because of negative strain from the State Department, military insight administrations, and the FBI
  • The OSS was established by William 1. ("Wild Bill") Donovan, who was instrumental in Roosevelt's making of a data office. He was generally answerable to building the association and further developing its monetary and political insight investigation for senior policymakers

42. Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) is part of which of the following? [Jharkhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]

Correct Answer: (b) Cabinet Secretariat
Solution:The Research and Analysis wing is a foreign intelligence agency of India. It was constituted on 21 September, 1968 under the tenure of former Prime Minister Late Mrs Indira Gandhi. It functions under Cabinet secretariat.

It was established in 1968 to handle India's international intelligence affairs.
At present, R&AW is under the aegis of the Prime Minister's Office.
Working mechanism: It collects military, economic, scientific, and political intelligence through covert and overt operations.
The agency is also charged with monitoring terrorist elements and smuggling rings that transport weapons and ammunition into India.

43. What is "Mossad"? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994]

Correct Answer: (b) Israel's intelligence agency
Solution:Mossad is the National Intelligence Agency of Israel. Mossad is responsible for intelligence collection, covert operations, and counterterrorism.

The Mossad maintaina mumerous Israeli secret agents in Arab and other nations. The most famous of these was Eli Cohen, an Egyptian-born Jew who infiltrated the highest ranks of the Syrian government by posing as a Syrian businesarnan before being discovered and executed in 1965.
The Mossad and its operatives have carried out undercover operations against enemies of larael and former Nazi war criminale living abrood. Mossad agents tracked down and assassinated the Arab guerrilla lenders responsible for the massacre of Israeli athletes at the 1972 Munich Olympic Games, and the Mossad han also been linked with several assassinations of Palestinian leaders in Katope, the Middle East, and North Africa

44. What does ISI stand for? [M.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Pre) 2004]

Correct Answer: (a) Inter-Services Intelligence
Solution:ISI stands for Inter-Services Intelligence. It is the premier military-operated intelligence agency of Pakistan.

The ISI was set up in 1948, shortly after the first war with India, to strengthen sharing of intelligence between the army, navy and air force. It was headed first by Maj Gen R. Cawthorne, one of the last British officers to leave Pakistan. He continued at the helm of ISI till 1956. Thereafter, for almost three years, it remained headless as Pakistan faced constitutional turmoil leading finally to Ayub Khan's first martial law take-over. Ayub appointed Brig Riaz Hussain as ISI chief and he continued up to 1966.

45. What is Fourth Estate? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1995]

Correct Answer: (d) Press
Solution:The "Press" plays an important role in nation-building. Hence it is known as the "Fourth Estate of democracy."

Origin of the Press in India

  • The writing on the walls and on stones dating back to several centuries before Christ were the first signs of the origin of the press in India. Emperor Ashoka's edicts renouncing violence after the Kalinga war are available to this day on stone.
  • Later, paper and writing materials were invented, and state records in the form of messages from spies were maintained in a rudimentary form.
  • According to historians, 'newsletters' were the earliest though rough form of a newspaper.
  • The newsletters were published on a regular basis throughout the Mughal era. These "manuscript newspapers" served as the only source of information about historical events.
  • The practice seems to have continued until the East India Company began ruling over India.
  • It is the dissemination of these newsletters that perhaps inspired James Augustus Hickey to start his newspaper Bengal Gazette in 1780.

46. Which of the following is the Centre of British News Papers – [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1992]

Correct Answer: (c) Fleet Street
Solution:The Fleet Street in Central London, England, was the location of many newspaper offices. Till 1980, many British newspapers published from the Fleet Street. The last major newspaper office removed from the Fleet Street was the Office of Reuters News Agency in 2005.

Origin of the Press in India

  • The writing on the walls and on stones dating back to several centuries before Christ were the first signs of the origin of the press in India. Emperor Ashoka's edicts renouncing violence after the Kalinga war are available to this day on stone.
  • Later, paper and writing materials were invented, and state records in the form of messages from spies were maintained in a rudimentary form.
  • According to historians, 'newsletters' were the earliest though rough form of a newspaper.
  • The newsletters were published on a regular basis throughout the Mughal era. These "manuscript newspapers" served as the only source of information about historical events.
  • The practice seems to have continued until the East India Company began ruling over India.
  • It is the dissemination of these newsletters that perhaps inspired James Augustus Hickey to start his newspaper Bengal Gazette in 1780.

47. Consider the following statements – [I.A.S. (Pre) 2005]

  1. The Parliament of Russia is called Federal Assembly.
  2. The Council of the Federation is the Lower House of the Russian Parliament.
  3. The name of the Upper House of the Russian Parliament is State Duma.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Correct Answer: (d) 1 only
Solution:The Parliament of Russia is called, "Federal Assembly." The Lower House of the Russian Parliament is known as "Duma," while the Upper House is called Council of the Federation. Therefore, in the given statements only statement (1) is correct.

About Indian Parliament

  • The Parliament of India, also known as the Sansad, is the legislative organ of the Union Government.
  • The Constitution of India has envisaged the Parliament or the Sansad as the supreme legislative body of the country.
  • As per its assigned constitutional jurisdiction, the Parliament of India enacts laws, holds the government accountable, and serves as a symbol of India's vibrant democratic spirit.

48. The Parliament of Japan is known as – [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999]

Correct Answer: (b) Diet
Solution:"Diet" also called as "Imperial Diet" is the National Legislature of Japan. Japan has a Parliamentary System of Government like Britain and Canada. Similarly Riksdag–Sweden, Cortez–Spain and Sejm is the parliament of Poland.

About Indian Parliament

  • The Parliament of India, also known as the Sansad, is the legislative organ of the Union Government.
  • The Constitution of India has envisaged the Parliament or the Sansad as the supreme legislative body of the country.
  • As per its assigned constitutional jurisdiction, the Parliament of India enacts laws, holds the government accountable, and serves as a symbol of India's vibrant democratic spirit.

49. Chinese Parliament is known as — [Uttarakhand U.D.A/L.D.A, (Pre) 2007]

Correct Answer: (b) National People’s Congress
Solution:Chinese Parliament is known as the National People's Congress (NPC). It has 2980 members presently and is the biggest Parliament in the world. However in practice, it is just a rubber-stamp Legislature which approves the decisions of the Communist Party of China.

About Indian Parliament

  • The Parliament of India, also known as the Sansad, is the legislative organ of the Union Government.
  • The Constitution of India has envisaged the Parliament or the Sansad as the supreme legislative body of the country.
  • As per its assigned constitutional jurisdiction, the Parliament of India enacts laws, holds the government accountable, and serves as a symbol of India's vibrant democratic spirit.

50. The political leadership of which country is known as "Princeling"? [R.A.S/R.T.S.(Pre) 2013]

Correct Answer: (c) China
Solution:

The Princelings, meaning the Party’s crown Princes, are the descendants of prominent and influential senior communist officials in the People’s Republic of China.

About Indian Parliament

  • The Parliament of India, also known as the Sansad, is the legislative organ of the Union Government.
  • The Constitution of India has envisaged the Parliament or the Sansad as the supreme legislative body of the country.
  • As per its assigned constitutional jurisdiction, the Parliament of India enacts laws, holds the government accountable, and serves as a symbol of India's vibrant democratic spirit.