Pollution (Part-III)

Total Questions: 43

11. The compound associated with the Bhopal Gas Tragedy was? [U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2014]

(a) Methyl alcohol
(b) Phosphazene
(c) Methyl isocyanate
(d) Methylamine

Correct Answer: (c) Methyl isocyanate

Solution:On the night of 2-3 December 1984, chemical, Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) spilt out from Union Carbide India Ltd's (UCIL's) pesticide factory turned the city of Bhopal into a colossal gas chamber. It was India's first major industrial disaster.

12. Chernobyl accident is related with - [Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2015]

(a) Nuclear accident
(b) Earthquake
(c) Flood
(d) Acid rain
(e) None of these

Correct Answer: (a) Nuclear accident

Solution:The Chernobyl disaster was a nuclear accident that took place on 26 April, 1986 in Ukraine (then USSR). Due to the deadly radioactive affect, many people lost their lives. Importantly, decomposing radioactive nuclides cause radioactive pollution. It harms organisms and affects their genetic properties.

13. Which of the following statements about Radioactive pollution are correct? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2009]

1. It causes a hereditary change in the animals.

2. It causes disbalance among different minerals in the soil.

3. It hinders blood circulation.

4. It causes carcinogenesis.

Select the correct answer from codes given below:

(a) 1 and 2
(b) 1 and 4
(c) 1, 3 and 4
(d) 2, 3 and 4

Correct Answer: (c) 1, 3 and 4

Solution:Radioactive pollution causes hereditary changes in the all living organism. It hinders blood circulation and causes carcinogenesis. It does not cause disbalance among different minerals in the soil. Hence (c) is the correct answer.

14. The nuclear energy in nuclear reactor is produced by- [R.O/A.R.O. (Mains), 2017]

(a) Air pollution
(b) Water Pollution
(c) Thermal Pollution
(d) Noise Pollution

Correct Answer: (c) Thermal Pollution

Solution:The use of nuclear energy is often the cause of thermal pollution. Water from rivers and lakes is used to prevent overheating of various reactors in various generating plants as a result of the process of cooling, the heated water is again dropped in the water sources such hot water causes a harmful increase in the temperature of water sources this is the called thermal pollution.

15. Bioremediation means: [R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2007]

(a) Elimination of toxic pollutant from the environment by organisms
(b) Bio-control of pathogens and pests
(c) Transplantation of organs in the body nay Jealo
(d) Diagnosis of diseases by the help of microorganisms

Correct Answer: (a) Elimination of toxic pollutant from the environment by organisms

Solution:Bioremediation is a process of detoxification of environment through the use of small organisms. This technique can help to overcome adverse effects of pollution at particular places. Bioremediation is used in cleaning surface and groundwater and soil, etc.

16. In the context of solving pollution problems, what is/are the advantage/advantages of bioremediation technique? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2017]

1. It is a technique for cleaning up pollution by enhancing the same biodegradation process that occurs in nature.

2. Any contaminant with heavy metals such as cadmium and lead can be readily and completely treated by bioremediation using microorganisms.

3. Genetic engineering can be used to create micro- organisms specifically designed for bioremediation.

Select the correct answer using codes given below:

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer: (c) 1 and 3 only

Solution:The process of expulsion of toxic pollutants from the environment by using microorganism is called bioremediation. It is a technique for cleaning up pollution by enhancing the same biodegradation process that occurs in nature. But pollutants containing many types of heavy metals cannot be treated by the process of bioremediation. Any pollutant-containing heavy metals like cadmium and lead cannot be treated comfortably and completely by bioremediation using microorganisms. Genetic engineering can be used to create microorganisms specially designed for bioremediation, for example, superbug Pseudomonas putida which is created by genetic engineering techniques. It plays an important role in ending the oil spill in the ocean.

17. Recently, 'oil zapper' was in the news. What is it? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2011]

(a) It is an eco-friendly technology for the remediation of oily sludge and oil spills.
(b) It is the latest technology developed for undersea oil exploration.
(c) It is a genetically engineered high biofuel-yielding Maize variety.
(d) It is the latest technology to control the accidentally caused flames from oil wells.

Correct Answer: (a) It is an eco-friendly technology for the remediation of oily sludge and oil spills.

Solution:Extensive research at the Energy and Research Institute (TERI) has resulted in the development of an easy and cost-effective bio-remediation process. TERI has developed Oilzapper which is a consortium of crude oil and oily sludge degrading bacteria deriving from various bacterial cultures existing in the natural environment.

18. Euro emission norms are emission standards and these represent a package setting limits for emission from a vehicle. Which of the following gases is covered under this? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]

(a) Carbon monoxide
(b) Hydrocarbons
(c) Lead
(d) All of the above

Correct Answer: (d) All of the above

Solution:Euro emission standards define the acceptable limits for exhaust emission of new vehicles sold in the European Union. Emission of nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbon, non- methane hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and particulate matter are regulated for the most vehicle type. It is notable that European countries introduced 'Euro I' standard in 1992. Significantly, Mashelkar Committee for National Autofuel Policy suggested implementation of Euro standard to control pollution. Importantly, BS IV standard was implemented in India starting April 1, 2017. The BS-VI norm was effected from 1st April, 2020.

19. To meet Euro-II emission standards, what should be the Sulphur content in the ultra-low Sulphur diesel? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]

(a) 0.05 per cent or less than this
(b) 0.10 percent
(c) 0.15 percent
(d) 0.20 percent

Correct Answer: (a) 0.05 per cent or less than this

Solution:To meet Euro-II emission standards, the sulphur content should be 0.05 per cent or less than this in the ultra low sulphur diesel.

20. Euro Norms place limits on the amount of emission of gas in automobiles. The gas is: [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1999]

(a) Carbon dioxide
(b) Carbon monoxide
(c) Nitrogen
(d) Methane

Correct Answer: (b) Carbon monoxide

Solution:Euro Emission standard is pollution regulation applicable to all automobiles in Europe. Euro norms place a limit on the amount of emission of oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, all hydrocarbons and suspended particulate matter..

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