Poverty & Unemployment (Part – I)

Total Questions: 57

11. Consider the following statements regarding Public Distribution Systems: [U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2013]

1. The main objective was to provide essential commodities at subsidized prices.

2. It was started as a price support program.

3. Food subsidy is provided by the State Governments.

Which of these statements is/are correct?

(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 1 and 2
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 3 only

Correct Answer: (b) 1 and 2

Solution:In the 1960s, the Public Distribution System (PDS) was started as a price support program. Its main objective was to provide essential commodities at subsidized prices. Food subsidies in India include subsidies given to farmers by way of support prices and purchasing operations of the Food Corporation of India, consumer subsidies offered by PDS and subsidies to FCI to cover all these costs. Food subsidy is provided by the Government of India. Under the scheme of decentralized procurement, State specific economic cost is determined by the Government of India and the difference between the economic cost so fixed and the Central Issue Prices is passed on to the State as food subsidy.

12. Public Distribution System is aimed at- [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008]

(a) Providing food security to the poor
(b) To prevent hoarding and black marketing
(c) To prevent overcharging by traders
(d) All of the above

Correct Answer: (d) All of the above

Solution:Public Distribution System (PDS) is a government-sponsored chain of shops entrusted with the work of distributing basic food and non-food commodities to the needy sections of the society at affordable prices. The main objective of PDS is to provide food security to the poor. It also aims to check and prevent hoarding and black marketing in essential commodities. It acted as an instrument of price stabilization and become a countervailing force against private traders who were try to exploit the situation of scarcity of food.

13. Which of the following programme was meant for the eradication of poverty in rural India? [U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010]

(a) IRDP
(b) TRYSEM
(c) NREP
(d) All of the above

Correct Answer: (d) All of the above

Solution:Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP; 2 October, 1980), Training of Rural Youth for Self-Employment (TRYSEM; 15 August, 1979) and National Rural Employment Programme (NREP; October, 1980) were started for the eradication of poverty in rural areas.

14. Mitigating Poverty in Western Rajasthan (MPOWR) Programme is supported by: [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2018]

(a) Asian Development Bank (ADB)
(b) Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
(c) International Fund for Agriculture Development (IFAD) and Ratan Tata Trust
(d) Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)

Correct Answer: (c) International Fund for Agriculture Development (IFAD) and Ratan Tata Trust

Solution:The Mitigating Poverty in Western Rajasthan (MPOWR) Programme was implemented in the six poorest blocks of the districts of the Jodhpur division in Western Rajasthan. The project was financed by the International Fund for Agriculture Development (IFAD) and the Government of Rajasthan, as well as contributions from Sir Ratan Tata Trust, banks and beneficiaries. The project was declared effective on 11 December, 2008 and was completed on 31st December, 2017 with two extensions.

15. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has identified following categories of poverty. Which one is correct? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2022]

(a) Income poverty
(b) Human poverty
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer: (c) Both (a) and (b)

Solution:United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has identified two categories of poverty which are as follows: (i) Income poverty, which arises due to lack of necessities of material well-being, and (ii) Human poverty, which is the denial of opportunity for living a decent standard of life. Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.

16. Human Poverty Index was introduced in the Human Development Report of the year: [I.A.S. (Pre) 1998, U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010]

(a) 1994
(b) 1995
(c) 1996
(d) 1997

Correct Answer: (d) 1997

Solution:UNDP first published Human Poverty Index (HPI) in the Human Development Report of 1997. Since then UNDP published Human Poverty Index, along with Human Development Report, each year. From the year 2010, Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) has replaced the HPI under the Human Development Report.

17. Human Development Report 1997 introduced the concept of Human Poverty Index (HPI) but Human Development Report replaced it with Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) in the year: [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2020]

(a) 1999
(b) 2005
(c) 2010
(d) 2015

Solution:The global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) is an international measure of acute multidimensional poverty covering over 100 developing countries. It complements traditional monetary poverty measures by capturing the acute deprivations in health, education and living standards that a person faces simultaneously. Human Development Report replaced Human Poverty Index (HPI-introduced in 1997) with MPI in Year 2010.

18. Human Poverty Index was introduced in the year! [U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2004]

(a) 1991
(b) 1995
(c) 1997
(d) 2001

19. The Multidimensional Poverty Index of UNDP includes: [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010]

(a) 8 indicators
(b) 10 indicators
(c) 12 indicators
(d) 14 indicators

Correct Answer: (b) 10 indicators

Solution:In year 2010 Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI), with the help of United Nations Development Program (UNDP), developed the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), which focuses on deprivations of poors' life rather than income related standard. From the HDR 2010, MPI has replaced Human Poverty Index (HPI). MPI uses following three dimensions and ten indicators:

Dimensions	Indicators	Weight
Health (1/3)	• Child Mortality • Nutrition	1/6 each
Education (1/3)	• Years of schooling • School attendance	1/6 each
Living Standards (1/3)	• Cooking fuel • Sanitation • Drinking water • Electricity • Housing • Assets	1/18 each

20. Multidimensional Poverty Index includes: [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]

i. Health

ii. Education

iii. Living Standard

Select correct answer from the codes given below:

Codes:

(a) Only (i) is correct
(b) Only (ii) and (iii) are correct
(c) Only (i) and (ii) are correct
(d) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct

Correct Answer: (d) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct

Solution:The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) was developed in 2010 by the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initative (OPHI) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). MPI uses health, education and standard of living indicators to determine the degree of poverty experienced by a population. It has since been used to measure acute poverty across over 100 developing countries. The Global MPI is released by OPHI and UNDP and it is published along with the Human Development Index (HDI) in the Human Development Report.

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