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Poverty & Unemployment (Part – I)

📆 October 18, 2024

Total Questions: 57

21. Which one of the following indices is most suitable to assess the intensity of poverty in India? [U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015]

Correct Answer: (d) Multi-dimensional Poverty Index
Solution:In developing countries like India, the Multi-dimensional Poverty Index (MPI) is the best suitable measure to assess the intensity of poverty. MPI uses health, education and standard of living included indicators to determine the degree of poverty experienced by a population. MPI was first time included in the 2010 Human Development Report.

22. The Multi-dimensional Poverty Index developed by Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative with UNDP support covers which of the following? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2012]

1. Deprivation of education, health, assets and services at household level.

2. Purchasing power parity at national level.

3. Extent of budget deficit and GDP growth rate at national level.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

Correct Answer: (a) 1 only
Solution:The Multi-dimensional Poverty Index (MPI) developed by Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) with UNDP's support covers deprivation of education, health, assets and services at household level. Purchasing power parity at national level and extent of budget deficit and GDP growth rate at national level are not covered under the MPI. Dimensions and indicators of the MPI are as follows:
Dimensions of PovertyIndicatorsWeight
Health (1/3)•Nutrition

• Child Mortality

1/6 each

1/6 each

Education (1/3)•  Years of schooling

•  School attendance

1/6 each

1/6 each

Living Standards (1/3)•  Cooking fuel

•  Sanitation

•  Drinking water

•  Electricity

•  Housing

•  Assets

1/18 each

1/18 each

1/18 each

1/18 each

1/18 each

1/18 each

23. According to HDR 2013, the percentage of population suffering form multidimensional poverty in India is: [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]

Correct Answer: (b) 53.7%
Solution:As per the Human Development Report 2013, option (b) was the correct answer. According to Human Development Report 2023/2024, the percentage of people living in multidimensional poverty in India is 16.4 (230.74 million in survey year 2019-21). Despite this, India is at the top in terms of the number of poor people.

24. To know whether the rich are getting richer and the poor getting poorer, it is necessary to compare : [I.A.S. (Pre) 1994]

Correct Answer: (b) the distribution of income of an identical set of income recepients in different periods of time
Solution:To know whether the rich are getting richer and the poor getting poorer, it is necessary to compare the distribution of income of an identical set of income recepients in different periods of time. By measuring this, we may able to under- stand about the income disparities taking place in the population of an economy.

25. Which of the following is not responsible for poverty ? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013]

Correct Answer: (d) Increasing rate of investment
Solution:Inadequate growth rate of economy, high growth rate of population and unemployment are responsible for poverty, while increasing rate of investment will increase productivity and income and thus, help in reducing poverty.

26. Which of the following is not considered as social indicator of poverty? [U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2017]

Correct Answer: (a) Less number of means of transport
Solution:Illiteracy level, lack of access to healthcare, lack of job opportunities, malnutrition, lack of access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities etc. are social indicators of poverty while less number of means of transport is not considered as social indicator of poverty.

27. The aim of Differential Interest Scheme was to provide concessional loans to: [U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2008]

Correct Answer: (a) Weaker Section of Society
Solution:Differential Interest Rate Scheme was launched by the Central Government in the year 1972. The aim of the scheme was to provide concessional loans to weaker section of the society.

28. Recently Govemment of India has approved the proposal of providing loans to Women Self Health Groups (SHG) at a lower interest rate to eradicate poverty through women empowerment. The interest rate is: [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]

Correct Answer: (a) 7.00%
Solution:In May 2013, the Union Cabinet had approved the provision of interest subvention to women SHGs, enabling them to avail loans up to Rs. 3 lakh at an interest rate of 7%. The Cabinet took this decision under the National-Rural Liveli- hoods Mission (NRLM) programme to eradicate poverty through women empowerment.

29. Who among the following has been chosen for 'Hoover Medal' in March 2009 for his contribution to the upliftment of the poor and the rural people? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007]

Correct Answer: (b) A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
Solution:Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was selected for '2008 Hoover Medal' declared on 27 March, 2009 in New York. He was honoured with this award for his contribution to the upliftment of poor and the rural people.

30. Who among the following has given the idea of Self-Help Groups as an effective tool for poverty alleviation? [B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018]

Correct Answer: (b) Md. Yunus
Solution:Md. (Muhammad) Yunus is a Bangladeshi social entrepreneur, banker, economist, and civil society leader who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize (2006) for founding the 'Grameen Bank' and pioneering the concepts of micro credit and microfinance. He has given the idea of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) and microfinance as an effective tool for poverty alleviation. Md. Yunus changed the lives of millions of Bangladeshis by creating the concept of micro loans. To ensure repayment, the Grameen Bank started a system of SHGs called solidarity groups'. These small informal groups apply together for loans and its members act as co-guarantors of repayment and support one another's effort at economic self-advancement.
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