Railway Science (Biology – Animal Kingdom)

Some other goat breeds:- French-Alpine, Boer, Saanen, LaMancha, Toggenburg, Pygmy, Cashmere. Cow breeds: Holstein, Jersey, Angus, Hereford, Brahman, Gir, Sahiwal, Tharparkar, Bargur. Breeds of Buffalo: Murrah, Nili-Ravi, Bhadawari, Mehsana. Cat breeds: Persian, Siamese, Maine Coon, Ragdoll.

Mammals and Aves (Birds) are warm blooded animals, whereas Fish, Amphibians, and Reptiles are cold blooded animals. Some warm blooded animals: Whales, opah (The world's first warm-blooded fish), dogs, humans, cats, vulture, raccoon, and dolphin.

Sound waves with a frequency greater than 20 KHz are known as ultrasound. Animals producing ultrasonic sound - Dolphins, Bats. Sounds of frequencies below 20 Hz are called infrasonic sound or infrasound. Animals producing infrasonic sound - Rhinoceroses, elephants, whales.

Pisces is a type of class, come under ‘Phylum Chordata’ and ‘Kingdom Animalia’. Characteristics - Found in fresh, marine, and brackish water, Breathing through Gills, Closed type blood circulation, Internal skeleton is bony, cold-blooded, etc. Pseudocoelom : A fluid-filled cavity between mesoderm and endoderm. It is seen in phylum Aschelminthes.

Ascaris: Phylum - Nematoda, Class - Chromadorea. Ascaris lumbricoides is a parasitic roundworm that infects the intestines of humans and other animals. It is a member of the phylum Nematoda, which includes various species of roundworms.
Annelida comprises segmented worms with repeated body segments, setae, true coelom, and diverse classes including Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, and Hirudinea, occupying aquatic and terrestrial environments.
Annelida are divided into three classes : Marine worms (Polychaeta), earthworms (Oligochaeta), and leeches (Hirudinea).

R.H. Whittaker (1969) proposed a Five Kingdom Classification. The kingdoms defined by him were named Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia. The main criteria for classification used by him include cell structure, thallus organization, mode of nutrition, reproduction and phylogenetic relationships.

Kingdom Monera includes the bacteria and blue-green algae. Monerans are cells with no membrane-bound structure protecting their genetic material. They reproduce by simply dividing into two separate cells. Protista - All single-celled eukaryotes are placed under Protista.

three chambered hearts (except Crocodile). Other Examples: Salamander, Cobra, Lizards and Turtles. Four chambered hearts (2 Atria and 2 Ventricles) - Birds and mammals. Two chambered hearts (1 Aurical and 1 Ventricle) - Fish, Great white shark, stingray.

It forms the lining of kidney tubules and ducts of salivary glands, where it provides mechanical support. Function: Secretion and Absorption. Glandular epithelium: Type of epithelial tissue which covers the glands (both Exocrine and Endocrine) of our body.
Columnar epithelium: Covers the intestinal tract from the end of the esophagus to the beginning of the rectum. Squamous epithelial: Made of a single thin layer of flattened cells with irregular boundaries and is found in the inner lining of the oesophagus and mouth.

The taxonomic hierarchy of biological classification is developed by Carolus Linnaeus. Taxonomical studies of all known organisms have led to the development of common categories such as kingdom, phylum or division (for plants), class, order, family, genus and species.